Kaarel Eenpalu

Kaarel Eenpalu (until 1935 named Karl August Einbund) (28 May [O.S. 16 May] 1888[1] in Paju talu, Vesneri Parish, Tartu County, Estonia, Russian Empire – 27 January 1942, Kirov Oblast, Russia, USSR) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state, who served as 7th Prime Minister of Estonia.

Kaarel Eenpalu [Note 1]
13th State Elder of Estonia
In office 19 July 1932 (1932-07-19) – 1 November 1932 (1932-11-01)
Preceded by	Jaan Teemant
Succeeded by	Konstantin Päts
Acting Prime Minister of Estonia
In office 24 April 1938 (1938-04-24) – 9 May 1938 (1938-05-09)
Preceded by	Konstantin Päts As President-Regent
Succeeded by	himself as Prime Minister
7th Prime Minister of Estonia
In office 9 May 1938 (1938-05-09) – 12 October 1939 (1939-10-12)
Preceded by	himself as Acting Prime Minister
Succeeded by	Jüri Uluots
Personal details
Born	(1888-05-28)28 May 1888 Vesneri Parish, Tartu County, Livonia, Russian Empire
Died	(1942-01-27)27 January 1942 Kirov Oblast, Soviet Union
Political party	Estonian People's Party

Education

Eenpalu was educated at the Hugo Treffner Gymnasium in Tartu. Between 1909 and 1914 he studied law at Tartu University and later graduated from Moscow University.

Journalism

From 1910 to 1912 and in 1915 he was member of the editorial board of the Postimees Daily in Tartu, in 1918 editor of Postimees, in 1920 editor-in-chief of Tallinna Teataja (Tallinn Gazette) daily, and in 1924 editor-in-chief of the Kaja (Echo) newspaper.

War

Eenpalu at the head of the procession of Julius Kuperjanov's funeral in Tartu, 1919.

Eenpalu was active in World War I, serving as a battery commander in the First Estonian Artillery Regiment in 1917 and 1918. During the Estonian War of Independence in 1918–1919, he first commanded the Tartu High School students' battalion, and then a battery in the Second Estonian Artillery Regiment.

Political career

Eenpalu was a member of the Estonian Constituent Assembly (Asutav Kogu, 1919–1920), member of National Assembly (Riigikogu, 1920–1937), member of the Chamber of Deputies (Riigivolikogu, since 1938) and held a series of high government offices of the newly independent Estonian state. In 1919–1920 he was State Controller. In 1920, 1921–1924, and 1924–1926 he held the position of the Minister of Internal Affairs, and can thus be considered a founder of the Estonian Police. From 22 June 1926 to 19 July 1932 and from 18 May 1933 to 29 August 1934 he was Speaker of the III, IV and V Riigikogu.[2] From 19 July to 1 November 1932 he was the head of state (Riigivanem, literally "Elder of State"). In 1934–1938 he was again Minister of Internal Affairs, and in 1938–1939 he was the Prime Minister of Estonia.

Capture

After the Soviet Union occupied Estonia on 17 June 1940, Eenpalu, along with a number of other leading Estonian politicians, was arrested in July 1940 and subsequently deported to Russia. He died in 1942 in a Soviet prison camp in Vyatka (Vyatlag), Kirov (Vyatka) Oblast.

Awards

1927 – Order of the Estonian Red Cross I/II
1930 – Order of the Cross of the Eagle I
1935 – Order of the Estonian Red Cross I/I
1938 – Order of the White Star I
1939 – Order of the National Coat of Arms I

Personal

Kaarel Eenpalu was married to women's activist Linda Eenpalu. They had three daughters: Helmi-Aino (1917), Virve (1919), Tiiu-Hilja (1921) and Mai-Linda (1923). Politician Anne Eenpalu (born 1954) is Kaarel Eenpalu's granddaughter.

Notes

1. Kaarel Eenpalu was named Karl August Einbund until 1935, when he Estonianized his name.

References

1. "Karl August Einbundi sünd" (in Estonian). Histrodamus. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
2. "Riigikogu juhatus". Riigikogu.

Preceded by Aleksander Oinas	Auditor General of Estonia 1919–1920	Succeeded by Aleksander Oinas
Preceded by August Rei	Speaker of the Riigikogu 1926–1932	Succeeded by Jaan Tõnisson
Preceded by Jaan Teemant	State Elder of Estonia 1932	Succeeded by Konstantin Päts
Preceded by Jaan Tõnisson	Speaker of the Riigikogu 1933–1934	Succeeded by Rudolf Penno
Preceded by vacant	Prime Minister of Estonia 1938–1939	Succeeded by Jüri Uluots