KWHY-TV

KWHY-TV, virtual channel 22 (VHF digital channel 4), is a Spanish-language independent television station licensed to Los Angeles, California, United States. The station is owned by Meruelo Broadcasting as part of a duopoly with Garden Grove-licensed Spanish-language independent KBEH (channel 63); the two stations share channel 4 under a channel sharing agreement. KWHY and KBEH share studios on West Pico Boulevard in the Mid-City section of Los Angeles and transmitter facilities atop Mount Harvard.

KWHY-TV
Los Angeles, California
United States
ChannelsDigital: 4 (VHF)
(shared with KBEH)
Virtual: 22 (PSIP)
BrandingCanal 22 Los Angeles
SloganLa voz de tu ciudad
(The voice of your city)
Programming
Affiliations22.1: Spanish Independent (since 2016; also 1991–2012)
22.2: EEE Network
22.3: Infomercials
22.4: Infomercials
22.5: Infomercials
22.6: [Blank]
22.7: Infomercials
Ownership
OwnerMeruelo Broadcasting
(KWHY-22 Broadcasting, LLC)
Sister stationsKBEH, KDAY, KDEY-FM, KLOS, KPWR, KLLI
History
First air dateMarch 21, 1965 (1965-03-21) (55 years ago) as KIIX
Former call signsKIIX (1962–1964)
KPOL-TV (1965–1966)
Former channel number(s)Analog:
22 (UHF, 1962–2009)
Digital:
42 (UHF, 2002–2019)
Former affiliationsAfrican American Ind. (1962–1964)
English Ind. (1965–2001; secondary from 1991)
MundoFox/MundoMax (2012–2016)
Call sign meaningWHY (a question prefix)
Technical information
Licensing authorityFCC
Facility ID26231
ERP35 kW
HAAT894.1 m (2,933 ft)
Transmitter coordinates34°12′47.9″N 118°3′44.3″W
Translator(s)KSBT-LD 32 Santa Barbara
K46GF 46 Santa Maria
K47GD 47 San Luis Obispo
Links
Public license informationProfile
LMS
Websitewww.kwhy22.com

History

Early years as KBIC-TV, KIIX and KPOL-TV

On June 19, 1952, John Poole, owner of radio station KBIG (740 AM), filed for a construction permit for a new television station on channel 22 in Los Angeles, which was granted as KPIK on December 20, 1952.[1] It was stated in February that KPIK would debut that fall.[2] Poole announced that the facility, with an effective radiated power of 540,000 watts, would be the most powerful in the country.[3] Construction began in March on a new facility atop Mount Wilson which was proposed to house the UHF television stations proposed for channels 22, 28 and 34 in Los Angeles.[4] The call letters were changed to KBIC-TV, previously housed on the Poole construction permit for channel 46 at Sacramento,[5] on November 10, 1953.[1] KBIC-TV did transmit a test image in 1954, but it never entered program service.[3]

The channel 22 construction permit languished until it was sold in 1962 to the Central Broadcasting Corporation of California for $180,000; the Federal Communications Commission approved the sale in January 1963.[6] On January 25, 1963, the call letters were changed to KIIX (pronounced "kicks"), which proceeded to announce that it would aim its programming at the African American community, as the second station of its kind after WOOK-TV in Washington, D.C.[7] Central established studios at 2330 W. Washington Blvd., a former car dealership where the showroom floor became a studio,[8] and set a program schedule of seven hours a day including kids, teenage and news shows.[7] On March 25, KIIX at last entered program service, more than a decade after the original grant of the construction permit to Poole and 20 days after WOOK-TV launched.[3] 30-year-old Larry McCormick, who had held down morning drive at KGFJ (1230 AM),[3] worked at channel 22, hosting "KIIXville", a daily music hour; Los Angeles Rams players Dick Bass and Pervis Atkins covered sports.[8] Three quarters of the station's staff was black.[8]

KIIX had an ambitious start, but it showed signs of financial distress within months. On August 1, it axed much of its live programming and fired 35 staff, a significant change for a station that once produced all but 30 minutes of its six-hour broadcast day live; instead, KIIX would run two hours of films a day to maintain its license.[9] Los Angeles fire commissioner Fred Kline urged the city council to buy KIIX, valued at $485,000 in mostly equipment, for use as an emergency broadcast outlet and even to broadcast criminal lineups instead of having victims drive to police headquarters.[10] Relief would not come until 1964, when the Coast Television Broadcasting Corporation, sister to the Coast Radio Broadcasting Corporation and its KPOL (1540 AM), acquired the station for a total of $205,000 in cash consideration and assumption of notes.[11]

After being off the air since September 1964, channel 22 returned under its new ownership March 29, 1965—delayed from a planned March 1 start—as KPOL-TV, primarily broadcasting older filmed programming; the station was notable for running a limited commercial inventory, with breaks every 15 minutes during movies and no tobacco or alcohol advertising.[12][13]

Becoming KWHY-TV

The Capital Cities Broadcasting Company acquired KPOL radio and television in 1966 and immediately spun off the television station to Coast stockholders, including KPOL general manager Frederick Custer and channel 22 program director Robertson Scott, for $400,000.[14] The call letters were changed to KWHY-TV on August 15.[1] On November 14, channel 22 would debut a program that would become a fixture for 35 years: an eight-hour program of stock market coverage, from the opening bell of the New York Stock Exchange to the closing bell of the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange.[15] Prior to the launch of the stock market program, the station was not broadcasting during the day.[16] By 1969, The Stock Market Observer, produced by Scantlin Electronics of Los Angeles, aired in four cities.[17] On weeknights, channel 22 showed Spanish-language fare, and weekends included shows in Korean, Japanese and Chinese.[18]

Coast reached a deal to sell KWHY-TV to Zenith Electronics in 1971; channel 22 would have served as the Los Angeles-area outlet for its Phonevision pay television system.[19] The sale application was dismissed the next year.[1]

KWHY-TV in 1976

While Zenith's bid to use channel 22 for subscription television had fallen through, another operator would succeed in July 1978. SelecTV, owned by American Subscription Television, launched with a model whereby subscribers paid per program viewed.[20] This differentiated it from competing ON TV, where subscribers paid a flat fee. By November, SelecTV had signed up 5,000 subscribers.[21] Additionally, KWHY-TV increased its effective radiated power from 107,000 watts to 2.57 million.[22]

In 1981, Burt Harris of Harriscope and SelecTV teamed up to buy KWHY-TV from Coast Television for $5.3 million; SelecTV opted to exercise an option to buy channel 22 after Coast continually opposed the airing of R-rated movies by SelecTV.[23] KWHY-TV took the business news programming through a number of facelifts and distribution expansions. In the 1980s, as cable television's reach expanded beyond Los Angeles, the business news format was reinvented. A complete graphical overhaul was made, creating the first multi-element screen. This showed all of the stock and commodity indexes, two rows of stock ticker tapes and over-the-shoulder real-time pricing information; meanwhile, an anchor read the news live. The service was renamed "The Business Channel". During this time, KWHY became the first station in the country with an automated commercial playback machine, and the first to utilize computer animation from an optical disc player.

SelecTV continued to broadcast, even as subscriber numbers for subscription television dwindled. When ON TV folded in Los Angeles, SelecTV acquired its subscribers. SelecTV was acquired by Telstar in January 1987.[24] Continued erosion of the service's subscriber base led KWHY to start preparing a transition to Spanish-language programming during prime time.[25] SelecTV ceased operating over KWHY after more than a decade of operations on March 31, 1989, having reached a deal to conclude the month after going into bankruptcy; one night, KWHY did not air SelecTV because the station had not been paid.[26]

Transition to Spanish

Without SelecTV, KWHY became a Spanish-language independent station outside of The Business Channel programming on April 1, 1989. It initially aired programming from the Galavision basic cable network, which was at the time preparing to convert to broadcast operations in several cities.[27] However, when Televisa, the owner of Galavision, became a part-owner of Univision, the station ceased broadcasting Galavision programming, carrying a mix of classic movies, game shows and newscasts.

The Business Channel also continued; in 1994, daily market commentator Gene R. Morgan was hit with a $50,000 fine for misrepresenting a stock he underwrote and promoted on his KWHY program.[28] The brand changed to "22 Business News" in 1997 and then "Business News 22" in 1999. On October 4, 1999, KWHY stopped carrying Business News 22, citing a desire to broadcast as a full-time Spanish-language independent due to strong viewer demand. KJLA (channel 57) took over the broadcast of Business News 22 under a time brokerage agreement, and the station announced that it would carry the program on its new digital television station upon its launch; additionally, Business News 22 launched an internet presence at businessnews2000.com.[29] A year later, KJLA discontinued the broadcast of "BizNews 1".[30]

In 2001, following the FCC's decision to allow duopolies (the ownership of two television stations in a single market by one company), Telemundo (which already owned its West Coast flagship, KVEA channel 52) purchased KWHY for $239 million, continuing to operate it as an independent.[31] After NBC purchased Telemundo in 2002, KVEA and KWHY's operations were integrated with NBC owned-and-operated station KNBC (channel 4) at the NBC Studios complex (now The Burbank Studios) in Burbank. NBC Universal (the company that was created through Vivendi Universal's purchase of NBC in 2003) was temporarily allowed to own three stations in the Los Angeles market while FCC regulations normally limited ownership to two. KWHY and KVEA were a duopoly before NBC/Telemundo merged and were allowed to remain co-owned by the FCC pending a decision on the ownership caps.

On September 9, 2007, NBC Universal announced it would place KWHY and its San Juan, Puerto Rico sister station WKAQ-TV up for sale; this came after NBCU's acquisition of Oxygen Media.[32] The stations were taken off the sale market just over three months later on December 21, 2007.

On May 7, 2010, it was reported that NBCUniversal planned to sell KWHY due to its pending merger with Comcast.[33] NBCUniversal and Comcast had been hoping that the FCC would ease its media ownership rules and allow them to own three stations in major markets, but after the FCC's first bid to do so was overturned in court, the agency took no further steps in that direction. On January 26, 2011, NBCU announced that it would sell KWHY-TV to locally based investment firm The Meruelo Group.[34] The deal was approved by the FCC in April and officially closed on July 6, 2011.[35]

As a MundoMax affiliate
Former logo as MundoFox 22 from August 13, 2012 to July 31, 2015.
Former logo as MundoMax 22 from August 1, 2015 to November 30, 2016.

On August 13, 2012, the station became a charter affiliate of MundoFox and effectively served as the network's flagship station. The station also intended to expand its local news programming.[36] In addition, non-network programming, along with the station's classic television program inventory, subsequently moved to a new digital subchannel that launched the same day under the branding Super 22.2.

On July 27, 2015, the station rebranded as MundoMax 22, in accordance with the network rebranding. A month later, on August 31, Meruelo announced that RCN Television, which owned MundoMax, would take over KWHY-TV's sales and marketing as of September 1; RCN also simultaneously took over the operations of the network's Houston affiliate, KUVM-CD, through a similar arrangement.[37]

Return to independence
Former logo used from December 1, 2016 to February 4, 2018

On December 1, 2016, following the demise of MundoMax, KWHY-TV once more began programming a Spanish-language independent format on the station's primary channel. KWHY began to run a broad mix of Spanish language music and entertainment programming (such as Operación Repo, Cuanto Cuesta el Show, Sala de Justicia, Fiesta de Comediantes, Cine Mexicano, Cine a la Cama and Cineteca 22, among others); it also started airing local Spanish-language newscasts produced in Monterrey, Mexico by Milenio Television branded as Noticias 22 Milenio, later shortened to Milenio Noticias, as well as national broadcasts from Milenio Television.

On August 26, 2019, KWHY-DT2 converted from a time lease by the Universal Church to carry their programming to become an affiliate of Retro TV.[38]

Digital television

Digital channels

The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Channel Video Aspect PSIP Short Name Programming[39]
22.1720p16:9KWHY 22Main KWHY-TV programming
22.2480iEEEEEE Network
22.34:3JERUSALInfomercials
22.4VICTORYInfomercials
22.5MAJESTInfomercials
22.6KWHY
22.7ASIANInfomercials

Analog-to-digital conversion

KWHY-TV became the first UHF station in the market to sign-on a high definition digital signal in 2001. the station shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 22, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television.[40] The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 42, using PSIP to display KWHY-TV's virtual channel as 22 on digital television receivers.

News operation

By August 2015, KWHY-TV broadcast five hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with one hour each on weekdays; the station did not broadcast any local newscasts on Saturdays and Sundays). In addition, the station produced the news and lifestyle program Viva el 22, which airs weekday mornings at 8 a.m. KWHY held the distinction of being the first station in Los Angeles to utilize news anchor-operated TelePrompters for newscasts, and the first to use a news-oriented non-linear editing system (operated by Grass Valley). Following the August 31, 2015 announcement that RCN Television would take over KWHY's operations, the station's newscasts were immediately canceled and the news operation was closed down (RCN had also discontinued MundoFox/MundoMax's national news operation after acquiring full control of the network in July). The station's lead anchor, Palmira Pérez (who was one of five station staffers retained by RCN), was reassigned to anchor one-minute local and national news updates during MundoMax programming.[37]

The station resumed airing news programming on March 13, 2017, carrying newscasts outsourced from Grupo Multimedios networks in Monterrey, Mexico, including Milenio Televisión and Multimedios Televisión's Telediario division. A newscast made for KWHY is taped between 3:00 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. Pacific Time from the Telediario set. The newscasts are anchored by the afternoon Telediario anchor team of Priscila Cantú and Miguel Karcz, and air weekdays at 7 p.m (1 hour) and 10 p.m. (35 minutes). The weekend edition of the newscast also airs at 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. and is anchored by Pedro Gamboa.

The network also airs three editions of Milenio Noticias throughout the day and one on weekends, all on tape delay:

Weekdays
  • Milenio Noticias con Samuel Cuervo y Aliz Vera at 11 a.m.
  • Milenio Noticias con Victoria Torres y Luis Carlos Ortiz at 3 p.m.
  • Milenio Noticias con Sergio Gomez at 10:35 p.m.
Weekends
  • Milenio Noticias con Mario Castillo y Zyntia Vanegas at 10:30 p.m.

Translators and repeaters

KWHY over the years has operated several translator facilities in southern California and beyond.

In Santa Barbara, the station owned KWHY-LP channel 22 (formerly on UHF channel 65); that repeater's transmitter facilities were destroyed by the Montecito Tea Fire on November 14, 2008,[41] and the license was surrendered a year later.[42] K46GF in Santa Maria and K47GD-D in San Luis Obispo were surrendered for cancellation on January 9, 2019.

KWHY-TV also provided much of the programming to San Diego Spanish independent station KBOP-CA; what became KSEX-CD later operated independently from KWHY before closing in 2017. The station also aired on K53GF (channel 53; formerly K67FE on channel 67) in Phoenix, Arizona in the late 1990s and early 2000s; as with the San Diego station, what is now K14RK-D now operates separately.

gollark: I mean, yes, but possibly not several hundred kilodollars handy.
gollark: There are likely HEAVY diminishing returns.
gollark: I really doubt the education varies *that much*, yes.
gollark: I assume you plan to summon money from the void.
gollark: The future is going to be very weird with this sort of thing.

References
  1. FCC History Cards for KWHY-TV
  2. Rich, Allen (February 16, 1953). "Listening Post and TV Review". Valley Times. p. 7. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  3. Richards, K.M. "KBIC-TV/22, Los Angeles CA". UHF Television. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  4. "Mt. Wilson Sprouts More TV". Redlands Daily Facts. August 10, 1953. p. 8. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  5. "New TV Station Sets First Tests For Sept. 19th". Sacramento Bee. August 31, 1953. p. 19. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  6. "Los Angeles TV License Granted". Pasadena Independent. UPI. January 24, 1963. p. A-8. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  7. Smith, Cecil (March 13, 1963). "The TV Scene: Negro Station Sets All-Live Programs". Los Angeles Times. p. 12. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  8. Rich, Allen (April 27, 1963). "Those Two New Channels". Valley Times. pp. Preview 1, 18. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  9. "KIIX Cancels Shows, Fires 35 Employees". Los Angeles Times. August 13, 1963. p. 3. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  10. "Kline Urges City To Buy TV Station". Valley Times. August 17, 1963. p. 3. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  11. "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. August 10, 1964. p. 82. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  12. "Channel 22 to Return to Air March 1". Los Angeles Times. February 5, 1964. p. 12. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  13. Rich, Allen (March 29, 1965). "Allen Rich". Valley Times. p. 28. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  14. "KPOL buy brings Capital up to limit" (PDF). Broadcasting. July 25, 1966. p. 58. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  15. Rich, Allen (November 1, 1966). "Allen Rich". Valley Times. p. 24. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  16. "Coast UHF plans continuous stock market coverage" (PDF). Broadcasting. November 7, 1966. p. 48. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  17. "Television follows the stock market" (PDF). Broadcasting. March 31, 1969. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  18. "The hard way to make money in television" (PDF). Broadcasting. March 5, 1973. pp. 39–46. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  19. "A pay station in Los Angeles" (PDF). Broadcasting. March 8, 1971. p. 33. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  20. Margulies, Lee (February 4, 1975). "New Pay TV Service - What You See Is What You Buy". Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  21. Watson, John G. "Pay TV: Battle of Airwaves Looms". Los Angeles Times. pp. View 1, 23. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  22. "Transmitter Problems Plague Pay-TV Outlet". Los Angeles Times. July 26, 1978. p. 13. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  23. "Changing Hands 1981" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 11, 1982. pp. 37–46. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  24. Harris, Kathryn (January 3, 1987). "L.A.-Based Telstar Acquires SelecTV Satellite Service". Los Angeles Times. pp. 1, 2. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  25. "Morning Report". Los Angeles Times. December 5, 1988. p. 2. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  26. "Agreement for SelecTV Service". Los Angeles Times. March 23, 1989. p. 2. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  27. Shiver, Jr., Jube (February 19, 1990). "Keeping Univision Alive". Los Angeles Times. pp. D1, D4. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  28. Petruno, Tom (September 2, 1994). "TV Show Host Facing Fine for Promoting Stock". Los Angeles Times. pp. D1, D3. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  29. "Open Letter to Business News 22 Viewers". Los Angeles Times. October 4, 1999. p. C10. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  30. Romney, Lee (October 3, 2000). "Ticker Runs Out for Local, Decades-Old Business News". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  31. Romney, Lee (February 13, 2001). "Telemundo to Buy L.A.'s KWHY-TV for $239 Million". Los Angeles Times. pp. C1, C4. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
  34. "NBC Has Deal To Sell KWHY In L.A. - 2011-01-26 17:10:00 | Broadcasting & Cable". Broadcastingcable.com. Retrieved 2011-01-28.
  35. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-meruelo-group-takes-leadership-of-kwhy-channel-28-125114464.html
  36. Flint, Joe (March 4, 2012). "MundoFox makes KWHY-TV Channel 28 its Los Angeles home". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
  37. "RCN takes over KWHY-TV, local newscasts canceled". Media Moves. August 31, 2015. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
  38. "IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR SPECTRUM CHANNEL LINEUP" (PDF) (Press release). Spectrum. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  39. RabbitEars TV Query for KWHY Retrieved on January 24, 2017
  40. List of Digital Full-Power Stations Archived 2013-08-29 at the Wayback Machine
  41. "Notification of Suspension of Operations / Request for Silent STA". CDBS Public Access. Federal Communications Commission. December 16, 2008. Retrieved February 19, 2011.
  42. Hashemzadeh, Hossein (November 17, 2009). "In re: … KWHY-LP Santa Barbara, CA" (PDF). CDBS Public Access. Federal Communications Commission.
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