Jutulsessen

Jutulsessen is a nunatak in the Gjelsvik Mountains in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It is located in Princess Martha Coast, 235 kilometers (146 mi) from the King Haakon VII Sea. Jutulsessen is the site of the Norwegian research station Troll and the affiliated Troll Satellite Station, which has two radomes on top of the mountain. Troll Airfield is located in the vicinity.

Troll

Geography

Jutulsessen is a nunatak mountain with a peak 2,370 meters (7,780 ft) above mean sea level. It is located 13 kilometers (8.1 mi) north of Terningskarvet, also in the Gjelsvik Mountains of Queen Maud Land.[1] Jutulsessen is located in the eastern part of Princess Martha Coast in Queen Maud Land, which Norway claims as a dependent territory.[2] The base is located 1,270 meters (4,170 ft) above mean sea level and is completely surrounded by the Antarctic ice sheet.[3] Jutulsessen is 235 kilometers (146 mi) from the coast of King Haakon VII Sea.[3]

The mountain area is horseshoe-shaped with a glacier and cirque of Sætet to the north. The two arms of the area are located northwards. The western arm is the location of Troll. The eastern arm is longer and consists of the narrow section of Jutulhogget and the wider Armlenet. Further north lies the isolated area of Stabben.[4] Blåfallet is an ice-depression on the western side of Knokane,[5] a ridge of Armlenet.[6] Jutuldalen is a valley in Armlenet,[7] with the ice-depression of Staupet to the west.[8] Armlenet also features the glacier of Ringfingerbreen.[9] Southeast of Sætet lies the broad valley of Brudgedalen,[10] and to the southeast lies the ridge of Brudga.[11] The three peaks closest to Troll are Trolltindane, the tallest of which is Trolltinden.

The area has a cold and dry climate being located in a desert. The annual mean temperature is −25 °C (−13 °F), with the summer temperature able to reach about 0 °C (32 °F) and the lowest during the winter at −50 °C (−58 °F). Storms, which can occur throughout the year, can occasionally make outdoor activity impossible. Being located south of the Antarctic Circle, Troll has midnight sun in the summer and polar night during the winter.[12]

History

The mountain was first photographed by the German Antarctic Expedition in 1938–39. It was subsequently mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photographs taken during the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition in 1949–52 and the subsequent Norwegian expedition in 1958–59. It was given the Norwegian name Jutulsessen, which means "the seat of the giant".[1]

Norway established the Antarctic polar station Maudheim in 1950. It was located on ice and used only during the summer. After a few years, it was so covered in snow that it was not possible to dig out. When searching for a new station, the Norwegian Polar Institute decided to find an area which would be snow-free in January and February and which was close to blue ice that would allow the establishment of an airfield. The area was explored by helicopter on January 11, 1990 and the expedition decided to establish a base on the lower parts of Jutulessen.[13] Troll was officially opened on February 17, 1990.[14] Troll Airfield was opened on February 11, 2005[15] and an all-year research station the following day.[16]

Troll
Main article: Troll (research station)

The station took its name from the surrounding jagged mountains, which resemble trolls of Norse mythology.[17] The station facilities are owned by the Government of Norway through the Norwegian Directorate of Public Construction and Property. Operation of the facility is carried out by the Norwegian Polar Institute. The facilities consist of a module-built new section that is 300 square meters (3,200 sq ft), and the old section that is 100 square meters (1,100 sq ft).[3] Troll Airfield is located 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) from Troll and consists of a 3,300-by-100-metre (10,830 by 330 ft) runway on glacial blue ice.[18]

Research facilities include air and atmospheric measurement equipment operated by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research.[19] Kongsberg Satellite Services operates Troll Satellite Station, a satellite ground station providing research from low Earth orbit satellites.[20] The Norwegian Meteorological Institute operates a manned weather station.[21]

gollark: I did GCSE German so I vaguely remember a bunch of the grammar and words.
gollark: It seems like this is being approached from the perspective of "you need to show very well that there's a good reason to make this legal" and not the other way round, because apparently people are just used to "of course things which *might* be bad are banned".
gollark: I don't know. Do you know? Does *anyone* actually have high-quality information on this?
gollark: I think it mostly got lost to the various C4 incidents.
gollark: Sorry, imminent*ly*.

References
  1. "Jutulsessen Mountain". Geographic Names Information System. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  2. Kyvik (2008): 153
  3. "Troll i ord - ord om Troll" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Polar Institute. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  4. Elvevold, S. "Jutulsessens geologi" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Polar Institute. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  5. "Blåfallet". Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  6. "Knokane". Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  7. "Jutuldalen". Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  8. "Staupet". Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  9. "Ringfingerbreen". Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  10. "Brugdedalen". Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  11. "Brugda". Norwegian Polar Institute. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
  12. Hustadnes, John. "Troll". Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  13. Wormdal (2011): 108
  14. Kyvik (2008): 169
  15. Kyvik (2008): 153
  16. Kyvik (2008): 155
  17. Rubin, Jeff (2008). Antarctica (4th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-74104-549-9.
  18. Solholm, Rolleiv (1 February 2003). "New Norwegian air field in the Antarctic". The Norway Post. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  19. "Antarktis: Troll får nye krefter". Norwegian Institute for Air Research. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  20. "TrollSat/Antarctica". Kongsberg Satellite Services. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
  21. "Troll". Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.

Bibliography
  • Kyvik, Helga (ed.) (2008). Norge i Antarktis (in Norwegian). Oslo: Schibsted Forlag. ISBN 978-82-516-2589-0.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  • Wormdal, Bård (2011). Satellittkrigen (in Norwegian). Oslo: Pax. ISBN 978-82-530-3450-8.

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