Junius Kaʻae

Junius Kaʻae (September 17, 1845 – December 19, 1906) was a Native Hawaiian politician of the Kingdom of Hawaii. In 1887, he was implicated in the infamous bribery scandal involving King Kalākaua over the sale of an opium license to Tong Kee.[1][2]

Junius Kaʻae
Member of the Kingdom of Hawaii
House of Nobles
In office
1882–1886
MonarchKalākaua
Registrar of Conveyances
In office
October 30, 1886 – July 13, 1887
Preceded byThomas Brown
Succeeded byJonathan Austin
Personal details
Born(1845-09-17)September 17, 1845
Kaineha, Lahaina, Maui, Kingdom of Hawaii
DiedDecember 19, 1906(1906-12-19) (aged 61)
Honolulu, Oahu, Territory of Hawaii
Resting placeKawaiahaʻo Church
NationalityKingdom of Hawaii
Political partyHawaiian National
Spouse(s)Kukakina
Kamehaokalani
Jessie Kapaihi Lane

Life and career

Kaʻae served many positions during the Hawaiian monarchy. He worked as a notary public and agent of labor contract for the island of Kauai, receiving his first appointment in December 13, 1877 and a later reappointment on January 13, 1879.[3][4] On April 29, 1882, he was appointed by King Kalākaua as a member of the House of Nobles, the upper house of the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served from 1882 to 1886 until the 1887 Bayonet Constitution removed all appointed nobles and made both legislative chambers elective.[5][6][7] Around this time, he also served as Registrar of Conveyances from October 30, 1886 to July 13, 1887 and a member of the Hawaiian Board of Health on February 16, 1887.[4] The latter was a brief governmental organization in charged of licensing kahuna or practitioners of traditional Hawaiian medicine.[3]

The Gynberg Duke and Kiyi, from the Gynberg Ballads, 1887

In the capacity of Registrar of Conveyance, Kaʻae was implicated in a corruption charge leveled on the king by his opponents. It was reported that Kaʻae had convinced a Chinese rice planter named Tong Kee, alias Aki, to make a bribe of $75,000 (of which only $71,000 was actually paid) to the king, in order to secure the grant of an opium sales license. It was rumored that the large sum of cash was smuggled into the palace in baskets and handed to Kaʻae.[1][2] When the license was awarded to Chun Lung, another Chinese immigrant, Aki demanded the money back and when the money was not returned he outed the king and Kaʻae in twelve affidavits detailing the controversy.[1][8]

The opium bribery scandal was satirized in the political satirical pamphlet, the Gynberg Ballads published by Alatau T. Atkinson, editor of the Hawaiian Gazette, and possibly coauthored by Edward William Purvis, a former member of the king's military staff. Shipments of the ballads arrived from San Francisco on May 13, 1887 and was distributed widely despite attempts by the government to seize the printed pamphlets.[9] One of the parts titled "The Opium Racket" summarized the scandal although changing the names of the participants. Aki became "You Lie", the king was transformed into the "Gynberg Duke" and Kaʻae became "Kiyi". This became one of the corruption charges which led to the coup of the king by the Reform Party and the signing of the 1887 Bayonet Constitution which restricted his executive power. Kaʻae was forced to resign.[1][10]

He was later appointed to the Privy Council of State, the advisory council for the monarch, on December 14, 1886 by King Kalākaua, and continued in this role even after the opium license controversy. The king died in 1891 and was succeeded by his sister Liliʻuokalani. After her accession to the throne, the new queen reappointed Kaʻae to her Privy Council on March 7, 1891. Records of the Privy Council indicate that he only served one year before ceasing to sit in this body in 1892.[4][11][12]

Personal life
Son William F. Kaʻae

He married three times. With his first wife Kukakina, he had a son named William F. Kaʻae (1870–1938), who became a county official for the Territory of Hawaii. His second wife was Kamehaokalani, a relative of Queen Kapiʻolani, and they had three children. His third wife Jessie Kapaihi Lane, sister of Honolulu Mayor John C. Lane, survived him.[3][13]

In later life, Kaʻae attempted to claim, on behalf of his deceased second wife, the lands of Kealiʻiahonui, the son of the last independent king of Kauai Kaumualiʻi. His suit stating that the last will of Kealiʻiahonui was forged was rejected by the courts.[3] In 1893, almost immediately following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, the Kaae petition was accepted and the probate of Kealiʻiahonui was reversed by the provisional government as the first case heard by Dole after the overthrow.[14] Kaʻae died of blood poisoning at Queen's Hospital in Honolulu. His funeral was held at the Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace and he was buried at the Kawaiahaʻo Church cemetery.[3]

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References
  1. Kuykendall 1967, pp. 353, 360, 365.
  2. Spaulding 1939, pp. 299–305.
  3. "Was Once Prominent – Mr. Junius Kaae, a Well Known Hawaiian Is Dead". The Pacific Commercial Advertiser. Honolulu. December 20, 1906. p. 1.
  4. "Kaae, Junius office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii.; "Registrar of Conveyances office record" (PDF). state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
  5. Hawaii & Lydecker 1918, pp. 147, 152, 156.
  6. Osorio 2002, p. 228.
  7. Kuykendall 1967, pp. 366–372.
  8. "The opium bribery scandal..." The Hawaiian Gazette. Honolulu. May 17, 1887. p. 4.
  9. Kuykendall 1967, pp. 346–347.
  10. Spaulding 1939, pp. 302.
  11. Karpiel 1999, p. 209.
  12. Hawaii. Minutes of the Privy Council, 1881–1892. Ka Huli Ao Digital Archives. Honolulu: Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law, William S. Richardson School of Law. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
  13. Nellist, George F., ed. (1925). "William F. Kaae, Public Official". The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders. Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin.
  14. Hawaii. Supreme Court (1895). Hawaii Reports: Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Hawaii. Valenti Brothers Graphics. pp. 1–8.

Bibliography
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