Juan Álvarez Mendizábal

Juan Álvarez Mendizábal, born Juan Álvarez Méndez (25 February 1790 – 3 November 1853), was a Spanish economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 25 September 1835 to 15 May 1836.

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Álvarez and the second or maternal family name is Méndez.
The Most Excellent

Juan Álvarez Mendizábal
Prime Minister of Spain
In office
25 September 1835 – 15 May 1836
MonarchIsabella II
Preceded byJosé María Queipo de Llano
Succeeded byFrancisco Javier de Istúriz
Personal details
Born25 February 1790
Chiclana de la Frontera, Andalusia, Spain
Died3 November 1853 (aged 63)
Madrid, Spain
Political partyPartido Progresista

Biography

He was born to Rafael Álvarez Montañés, a cloth merchant, and Margarita Méndez, of Marrano origin. He was given training in banking, first working in a bank and then in the military administration during the Peninsular War. At the time he became a member of "Taller Sublime", a Cádiz masonic lodge.

In 1820, he was appointed military supplier of the troops that Ferdinand VII had sent to America to suppress the revolts. Taking advantage of this situation he financed Rafael del Riego's military uprising. During the Trienio liberal Mendizábal renounced to the Public Administration, although he had actively participated in the revolts against absolutism.

When Ferdinand VII renounced the Constitution of 1812 and restored his absolute power in 1823, Mendizábal and many other revolutionary liberals went into exile: in the United Kingdom he opened a trade business.

In 1835, under José María Queipo de Llano's presidency, he was appointed Minister of the Treasury. On 14 September he succeeded Queipo de Llano, keeping the Treasury portfolio during a delicate economic situation due to the First Carlist War's military expenses. Queen Regent Maria Christina thought a liberal prime minister would hold the rebellions. Mendizábal's political program included the Desamortización Eclesiástica ("Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizábal"), the immediate end to the Carlist war and the elimination of the public debt.

The Liberal movement, the Queen Regent and Mendizábal were supported by the new owners of the confiscated properties, though the measures only benefited the big land tycoons. The impossibility of ending the Carlist revolts forced Mendizábal's resignation in 1836. A few months later a revolt in La Granja made the Queen accept a radical government and the restoration of the Spanish Constitution of 1812. Mendizábal was appointed Minister of Finance and a series of revolutionary measures were taken: the abolition of tithe and señoríos, freedom of the press, confiscation of the Church properties). In 1837 a more moderate government was elected. Mendizábal was again appointed Minister of Finance in 1843 but had to go in exile again when the moderates came back to power.

In 1847, he came back to Spain and occupied a seat in the Cortes until his death in 1853.

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See also

Sources
Political offices
Preceded by
Miguel Ricardo de Álava		 Prime Minister of Spain
25 September 1835 – 15 May 1836		 Succeeded by
Francisco Javier de Istúriz
Minister of State
Acting
4 October 1835 – 27 April 1836 		Succeeded by
The Count of Almodóvar
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