Joseph Canyon

Joseph Canyon (Nez Perce: an-an-a-soc-um, meaning "long, rough canyon"[1]) is a 2,000-foot (610 m)-deep basalt canyon in northern Wallowa County, Oregon, and southern Asotin County, Washington, United States.

Location in northeastern Oregon, near the Washington and Idaho borders

Geography

Joseph Canyon contains Joseph Creek, a tributary of the Grande Ronde River, which flows into the Snake River, a tributary of the Columbia. The geology is typical of the Columbia Plateau, formed by the Columbia River Basalt Group, and the exposed canyon walls provide a striking view of flood basalt flows and dikes. The canyon floor contains sediments deposited by the Missoula Floods.[2]

History

The canyon was named after Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce, who is traditionally thought to have been born in a cave on the east bank of Joseph Creek in Asotin County.[2][3] Prior to European settlement, the Nez Perce used the canyon bottomlands as a travel corridor from summer camp sites in the Wallowa valley to winter camp sites along the Grande Ronde and Snake rivers. Elk, bighorn sheep, and mule deer were plentiful, as well as native plant foods associated with bunchgrass habitat.[4] In later centuries, the Nez Perce grazed horses on the canyon grasslands. Beginning in the late 19th century, pioneer settlers homesteaded in the area, grazing sheep and cattle and planting fruit orchards. However, the rocky terrain prohibited extensive agricultural production.[4]

Conservation

In the late 1990s, the Nez Perce tribe acquired 15,000 acres (61 km2) in the Joseph Creek watershed for conservation. The lands currently provide wildlife habitat for two federally listed threatened species, the bald eagle and the Snake River steelhead, and may provide habitat for the threatened lynx, Townsend's big-eared bat, and mountain quail. Several threatened plant species are also known to exist in the area, including Macfarlane's four-o’clock and Spalding's catchfly. Non-threatened species include bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer, blue grouse, golden eagles, and red-tailed hawks.[4]

Access

The Joseph Canyon Viewpoint, at a highway pullout along Oregon Route 3, is one of 38 sites that form the Nez Perce National Historical Park. The viewpoint is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) north of Enterprise, Oregon, and 11 miles (18 km) south of the Washington border, in the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest.[5]

The canyon itself is private land of the Nez Perce Tribe, and is used for ranching, hunting, and some grain crops.[2][4] Other viewpoints include Fields Spring State Park.

Images
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References
  1. Sambur, Jeff (1 January 2007). "On the Trail of the Nez Perce:Searching for the Promised Land". Native Peoples Magazine. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
  2. Reidel, Stephen P.; P. R. Hooper; S.M. Price (1987). "Columbia River Basalt Group, Joseph and Grande Ronde canyons, Washington" (PDF). Centennial Field Guide Volume 1: Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America: 351–356. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
  3. National Park Service, Nez Perce National Historic Park Sites. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
  4. Nez Tribe Wildlife Program, Precious Lands Wildlife Area Draft Management Plan Archived 4 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), November 2002. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
  5. U.S. Forest Service, Nez Perce National Historic Trail: Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. Retrieved 17 March 2008.

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