Jorunna funebris

Jorunna funebris, commonly called the dotted nudibranch, is a large species of sea slug. It is a dorid nudibranch, meaning it is a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Discodorididae.[2] The genus Jorunna is composed of roughly 15 other species of nudibranchs, which feed on a variety of sponges.[3]

Jorunna funebris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Nudipleura
clade Nudibranchia
clade Euctenidiacea
clade Doridacea
Superfamily:
Doridoidea
Family:
Discodorididae
Genus:
Jorunna
Species:
J. funebris
Binomial name
Jorunna funebris
(Kelaart, 1858)[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Discodoris wetleyi Allan, 1932
  • Doris funebris Kelaart, 1858 (basionym)
  • Jorunna zania Ev. Marcus, 1976
  • Kentrodoris annuligera Bergh, 1876
  • Kentrodoris funebris (Kelaart, 1859)
  • Kentrodoris gigas Bergh, 1876
  • Kentrodoris maculosa Eliot, 1906

Distribution

This species was described from Sri Lanka. It is widespread in the Indo-Pacific region from the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean along the East African coast to Australia and New Caledonia.[4][5] Jorunna funebris preys exclusively on sponge in the genus Xestospongia, and as such, the sea slug's distribution aligns closely with the distribution of Xestospongia.[6]

Chemistry of Jorunna funebris

This species contains a chemical compound called "jorumycin," which shares the same tetrahydroisoquinoline[7] backbone as an anti-tumor drug called Zalypsis, or PM00104.[8] In addition, another compound called jorunnamycin A,[9] has been found alongside fennebricins A (1) and B (5), both of which are bis-tetrahydroisoquinolinequinones and related to two classes of anti-tumor alkaloids.[10]

gollark: I mean, the regular compass doesn't seem to have a "cultural" axis, really?
gollark: That's... maybe true, amongst more politically polarized people.
gollark: Yes, you need at least two dimensions.
gollark: I think they're authcenter-ish?
gollark: I mean, mapping anything as complex as politics onto one dimension is very no.

References
  1. Kelaart, Edward Frederick. 1858. Descriptions of new and little known species of Ceylon nudibranchiate molluscs and zoophytes. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Ceylon Branch, Colombo 3(1):84-139, 2 pls.
  2. Bouchet, P. (2010). Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-08-24
  3. Y.E. Camacho-Garcia, T.M. Gosliner Systematic revision of Jorunna Bergh, 1876 (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with a morphological phylogenetic analysis J Molluscan Stud, 74 (2008), pp. 143-181
  4. Rudman, W.B., 1998 (December 31) Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1858). [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
  5. Dayrat B. 2010. A monographic revision of discodorid sea slugs (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina). Archived 2015-09-08 at the Wayback Machine Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, vol. 61, suppl. I, 1-403, 382 figs.
  6. Kasamesiri, Pattira, et al. "Observations on embryonic development of black-spot Jorunna, Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)." Journal of Shellfish Research, vol. 31, no. 1, 2012, p. 111+. Gale Academic OneFile.
  7. "jorumycin - MeSH - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
  8. Blunt, John W.; Copp, Brent R.; Munro, Murray H. G.; Northcote, Peter T.; Prinsep, Michèle R. (2011). "Marine Natural Products". Natural Product Reports. 28: 196–268 – via The Royal Society of Chemistry.
  9. "Synthetic Chemistry Takes Anti-Cancer Compounds out of the Sea Slug and into the Lab". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2020-06-30.
  10. He, Wen-Fei; Li, Yan; Feng, Mei-Tang; Gavagnin, Margherita; Mollo, Ernesto; Mao, Shui-Chun; Guo, Yue-Wei (2014-07-01). "New isoquinolinequinone alkaloids from the South China Sea nudibranch Jorunna funebris and its possible sponge-prey Xestospongia sp". Fitoterapia. 96: 109–114. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.011. ISSN 0367-326X.

Further reading
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