John Wilson (Scottish architect)

John Wilson OBE FRSE FRIBA FISA (1877–1959) was a 20th-century Scottish architect who as Chief Architect advised the Scottish Department of Health on hospital design.

Much of his work is wrongly attributed to his employers: George Washington Browne and John More Dick Peddie resulting in his being either ignored or under-rated. This factor is not helped by the commonality of his name.

Life
20 Lomond Road, Edinburgh
Edinburgh College of Art
British Linen Bank, Edinburgh - 69 George Street

He was born in Edinburgh on 27 March 1877. He was either the son or nephew of Robert Wilson and grandson of Patrick Wilson, both architects. From 1892 he was apprenticed in Robert's office. He also studied at the Edinburgh School of Applied Arts under Frank Worthington Simon and Stewart Henbest Capper, from whom he acquired a great love and skill in Arts and Crafts and Beaux Arts design. He graduated in 1899 and won a travelling scholarship with which he spent five months travelling, sketching and doing measured drawings in England.[1]

From 1900 he worked for Peddie and Washington Browne, rapidly rising to be their Chief Assistant by 1903. He set up his own practice in 1904 but received frequent commissions from Browne and Peddie, who greatly valued his work. In 1905/6 he undertook a second travelling scholarship with James Anderson Arnot. During this he undertook a comprehensive measured survey of the Petit Trianon at Versailles.[2]

From 1905 he was a lecturer at the Edinburgh College of Art and appears highly linked to their replacement building of 1907, which displays much of his knowledge of French detailing.

In 1910 Wilson gave up both his own practice and his commissions from Peddie to work as a government architect based at 125 George St in Edinburgh.

From 1911 he lived at 76 Thirlestane Road, a flat in the Marchmont district, but moved the following year to 59 Murrayfield Gardens.

In 1913 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects. His proposers were Alexander Lorne Campbell, Robert Lorimer and Robert Rowand Anderson.

From 1917 he worked on government schemes for "garden suburbs" for the working classes in Scotland. This resulted in schemes such as Northfield, Edinburgh and Boswell. In 1921 he was placed on the committee investigating the High Cost of Building Works in Working Class Dwellings in Scotland, and in 1925 sat on the Moir Committee on construction costs.[3]

In 1922 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Arthur Pillans Laurie, Sir John James Burnet, Sir William Leslie Mackenzie and Thomas Hudson Beare.[4]

In 1928 he was created Chief Architect to the Department of Health in Scotland. His principal achievement in this period was the programming and creation of the Simpson Memorial Maternity Hospital attaching the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary on Lauriston Place (opened in 1939).[5]

In 1934 he worked with Sir Godfrey Collins (the Scottish Secretary of State), John Highton (the Permanent Under Secretary), Dr W G Clark (Medical Officer of Health for Glasgow) and Ebenezer MacRae (City Architect for Edinburgh) on an extensive study of European social housing. This resulted in a set of standards both for space and for minimum aspirations for aesthetics and open space. These standards were used for a number of successful schemes but unfortunately the Second World War brought an end to the building programme. From 1936 he was assisted by the architect Robert Hogg Matthew.[6]

He was created OBE in 1941.

He went blind in 1942 and necessarily retired. He was replaced in his role as Chief Architect by Robert Matthew.

He died at 20 Lomond Road in Trinity in north Edinburgh on 20 January 1959.

Publications
  • The Planning of Sanitoria Hospitals and Other Public Health Institutions
  • Hospital Planning and Construction
  • Town Planning in Relation to Public Health

Architectural Works
Caledonian Hotel, Edinburgh
  • Caledonian Hotel, Edinburgh (1898 - as assistant to Peddie)
  • North British and Mercantile Company offices, Dublin (1902 - as assistant to Browne & Peddie)
  • Scottish Provident Assurance Office, Glasgow (1903 - as senior assistant to Browne & Peddie)
  • British Linen Bank corner of Frederick Street and George Street, Edinburgh
  • Inglewood, Morningside, Edinburgh (1905)
  • Torwood, Peebles (1905)
  • Edinburgh Art College (1906 - for Browne & Peddie)
  • Edinburgh Life Assurance offices, corner of Hanover Street and George Street, Edinburgh (1907 with Peddie)
  • Melrose Parish Church (1909 - for Peddie)
  • County Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Inverness (1914)

Family

Not known.

gollark: Not... massively?
gollark: Oh, I sort of did that. My resume uses a port of the weird NSO Group vulnerability to run a simulated CPU within the PDF with access to arbitrary memory, so it reads the contents of the computer it's on and uses machine learning™ to optimize its contents for whoever is looking at it.
gollark: Oh, `window[id]`, not *exactly*.
gollark: As in, exactly that.
gollark: Wait, isn't that actually a feature?

References


  1. Dictionary of Scottish Architects: John Wilson
  2. Dictionary of Scottish Architects: John Wilson
  3. Dictionary of Scottish Architects: John Wilson
  4. Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 978-0-902198-84-5.
  5. Building Up Our Health: The Architecture of Scotland's Historic Hospitals (HES publication)
  6. Dictionary of Scottish Architects: R H Matthew
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