John Travis (physician)

John W. Travis is an American author and medical practitioner. He is a proponent of the alternative medicine concept of "wellness", originally proposed in 1961 by Halbert L. Dunn, and has written books on the subject. In the 1970s, Travis founded the first "wellness center" in California.[1] He originated the Illness–Wellness Continuum.[2]

Dr. John Travis
Born	John Walton Travis
Occupation	Author and physician
Education	BA, The College of Wooster; MD, Tufts University School of Medicine; MPH, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health;
Subject	Wellness, Genital integrity, Attachment parenting
Notable works	Wellness Inventory (1975, 1981, 1988, 2003) Wellness Workbook (1981, 1988, 2004)

Early life and education

Travis earned his BA from The College of Wooster in 1965, followed by an MD from Tufts University School of Medicine in 1969,[3] and spent six years as a commissioned officer in the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS). At this time, he completed a residency in preventive medicine at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, which included a Masters in Public Health, awarded in 1971.[4]

Career

Between 1975 and 1979 he opened and ran the Wellness Resource Center in Mill Valley, California. He closed the Center in 1979 and established Wellness Associates, a non-profit educational corporation.[5]

In 2000, he moved to Australia, where he has continued to work in the field of adult and infant wellness.[6] Between 2008-2016, he was an adjunct professor in the Wellness Program at RMIT University (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology).[7] He is also a member of the Advisory Board, Integrative Health Studies master's degree, at the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco.[8]

Wellness

Travis has cited Halbert L. Dunn's 1961 book, High-Level Wellness as one of the influences which led him to found the Wellness Resource Center.[4] The Center focused on the individual’s overall state of wellbeing and encouraged “self-directed approaches” to improving health.[4][9] In 1975, he self-published the Wellness Inventory. This utilized a whole-person model, based on a "Wellness Energy System" that comprised 12 dimensions, incorporating nutrition, exercise, stress, and the social environment.[5] He first wrote and self-published the Wellness Workbook in 1977. This was later re-published in collaboration with Regina Ryan, and had sold 175,000 copies by 2005.[10] In 1979 he was interviewed by Dan Rather on 60 Minutes, which helped to bring the concept of wellness to national attention.[11]

Illness-Wellness Continuum

The Illness-Wellness Continuum is a graphical illustration of a wellbeing concept first proposed by Travis in 1972.[12] It proposes that wellbeing includes mental and emotional health, as well as the presence or absence of illness.

Concept

Travis believed that a medical approach that relied on the presence or absence of symptoms of disease to demonstrate wellness was insufficient. As shown in the Continuum. The right sidereflects degrees of wellness, while the left indicates degrees of illness.[9] The model has been used to describe how, in the absence of physical disease, an individual can suffer from depression, anxiety or other conditions.[13]

He contends that medicine typically treats injuries, disabilities, and symptoms, to bring the individual to a "neutral point" where there is no longer any visible illness. However, the Wellness Paradigm requires moving the state of wellbeing further along the continuum towards optimal emotional and mental states.[14][15] The concept assumes that wellbeing is a dynamic rather than a static process.[16]

The Illness-Wellness Continuum proposes that individuals can move farther to the right, towards greater health and wellbeing, passing through the stages of awareness, education, and growth.[17] Worsening states of health are reflected by signs, symptoms and disability.

In addition, a person's outlook can affect wellness. According to the concept, a positive outlook will enhance health and wellbeing, while a negative outlook will hinder it, independent of the current health status. For example, a person who demonstrates no symptoms of disease, but is constantly complaining, will be facing the left side of the Continuum and away from a state of high-level wellness. Conversely, a person with a disability, but who maintains a positive outlook, will be facing to the right, toward a high level of wellness.[18] It is less important where a person is on the Continuum than the direction they are facing.

The Illness-Wellness Continuum has been viewed as promoting preventive treatment, which improves wellbeing before an individual presents with signs or symptoms of illness, as well as educating people to be aware of and avoid risk factors, in order to protect against pathology and premature death.[19]

Historical context

Travis began developing his Continuum in 1972 and it was first published in 1975 in the Wellness Inventory.[20] Since then the concept has been applied to fields such as medicine,[21][22] nursing,[23][24][25] counseling, physical therapy,[12][19][26] public health,[13] and organizational development.[27]

Parenting

Since 1991, Travis has focused on attachment parenting, connection parenting, and infant wellbeing in conjunction with Meryn Callander. In 1999 they co-founded the Alliance for Transforming the Lives of Children (aTLC).[28] He has criticized the practice of male infant circumcision, voicing support for the principle of body integrity for young males and challenging the legality of parental decision making in relation to circumcision.[29]

Non-government organizations (NGOs)

Travis is co-founder of: Coalition for Improving Maternity Services (1996), Alliance for Transforming the Lives of Children (1999), and International Coalition for Genital Integrity (1999).[2]

Publications

• Wellness Inventory (Wellness Associates, 1975, 1981, 1988, 2003) ISBN 978-0-9625882-0-4
• Wellness Workbook, coauthored with Regina Ryan (Ten Speed Press, 1981, 1988, Celestial Arts, 2004) ISBN 978-1-58761-213-8
• Simply Well: Choices for a Healthy Life, coauthored with Regina Ryan (Ten Speed Press, 1990, 2001) ISBN 978-1-58008-292-1

References

1. Hans A. Baer (1 January 2004). Toward an Integrative Medicine: Merging Alternative Therapies with Biomedicine. Rowman Altamira. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-0-7591-0302-3.
2. Adjunct Profess John Travis. RMIT University. Archived 21 May 2103.
3. "Academic Catalog 2010-2011" (PDF). California Institute of Integral Studies. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
4. "John Travis, MD, MPH". pathwaystofamilywellness.org. Retrieved 2013-12-09.
5. Miller, James William. "Wellness: The History and Development of a Concept". FH Joanneum. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
6. "Callander, Meryn G." www.atlc.org. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
7. "Study with us". www.rmit.edu.au. RMIT University. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
8. "Integrative Health Studies" (PDF). California Institute of Health Studies. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
9. Ferguson, Tom. "How Health Workers Can Promote Self-Care". www.healthy.net. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
10. Miller, James William (2005). "Wellness: The History and Development of a Concept" (PDF). Spektrum Freizeit (27): 94. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
11. Zimmer, Ben (2010-04-16). "Wellness". New York Times. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
12. Sharon Elayne Fair (22 October 2010). Wellness and Physical Therapy. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-4496-1034-0.
13. G. E. Alan Dever (1 January 1997). Improving Outcomes in Public Health Practice: Strategy and Methods. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-0-8342-0637-3.
14. Thomas J. Sweeney (18 May 2009). Adlerian Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Practitioner's Approach, Fifth Edition. Taylor & Francis. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-0-203-88614-4.
15. Huhn, Robert (2007). "Linda Crane Lecture Improving the Health of Society One Individual at a Time". Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal. 18 (2).
16. Jobson, Roy (2003). "Wellness in South Africa". South African Family Practice. 45 (3).
17. "Promoting Wellness in Health and Illness". www.desales.edu. DeSales University. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
18. Tooman, Heli. "Wellness - A New Perspective for Leisure and Tourism" (PDF). www.pc.parnu.ee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
19. Catherine Rush Thompson (2007). Prevention Practice: A Physical Therapist's Guide to Health, Fitness, and Wellness. SLACK Incorporated. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-1-55642-617-9.
20. Jeanne M. House; Courtney Arnold; Dawson Church; Randy Peyser; Barbara Stahura (March 2008). Peak Vitality: Raising the Threshold of Abundance in Our Material, Spiritual and Emotional Lives. Elite Books. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-60070-013-2.
21. Thomas M. Wolf (18 August 2000). To Your Health: Achieving Well-Being During Medical School. SAGE Publications. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-1-4522-6760-9.
22. Robert B. Taylor (January 1983). Fundamentals of family medicine. Springer-Verlag. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-0-387-90705-5.
23. Lewis, Emily. "Understanding the Health Continuum: A Guide for Nurses". www.education-portal.com/. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
24. Mengistu, Daniel. "Community health nursing" (PDF). www.cartercenter.org/. pp. 14–16. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
25. Clint Douglas; Geraldine Rebeiro; Jackie Crisp; Catherine Taylor (1 February 2012). Potter & Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing - Australian Version. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 424–. ISBN 978-0-7295-7862-2.
26. Elsevier India; Potter (10 June 2013). Potter's fundamentals of nursing Adaptation, 1/e. Elsevier India. pp. 6–. ISBN 978-81-312-3436-5.
27. Dennis Farrell; Neil Lilford; Mariaan Ellis (1 September 2008). Operations and Management Principles for Contact Centres. Juta and Company Ltd. pp. 151–. ISBN 978-0-7021-7704-0.
28. Travis, John W. "Finding the Foundations of Wellness". www.thewellspring.com. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
29. Cruz, Rio; Glick, Leonard B.; Travis, John W. (2003). "Circumcision as human-rights violation: Assessing Benatar and Benatar". American Journal of Bioethics. 3 (2): 19–20. doi:10.1162/152651603766436351.