Johann Georg Hagen

Johann (John) Georg Hagen (March 6, 1847 in Bregenz, Austria – September 5, 1930 in Rome, Italy), was an Austrian Jesuit priest and astronomer. Naturalized American citizen he was called to Rome by Pope Pius X in 1906 to be the first Jesuit director of the new Vatican Observatory. Father Hagen was also the spiritual director of Maria Elizabeth Hesselblad (1870-1957), who was baptized by him on August 15 1902 and eventually was canonized on June 5 2016 by pope Francis.

Early life

Johann Georg Hagen was born in Bregenz, Austria. He was the son of a school teacher.

Entering the Jesuit Order

Johann entered the Society of Jesus, commonly known as the Jesuits, in Gorheim, Germany in 1863. He attended the Jesuit College Stella Matutina in Feldkirch, Austria and also studied mathematics and astronomy at the University of Bonn and the University of Münster. He volunteered for the ambulance service in the Franco-Prussian War, but was struck with typhoid fever.

Expulsion

On July 4, 1872, Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of Germany, expelled the Jesuits from the German Empire. Johann left for England where he was eventually ordained into the priesthood.

Emigration to US

In June 1880, he left England for the United States. There he began teaching at Sacred Heart College in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. There he cultivated his interest in astronomy and built a small observatory for making astronomical observations. In Wisconsin, he became a naturalized citizen.

He was called to serve as the Director of the Georgetown University Observatory in 1888. There he continued his research and published numerous articles and texts. In mathematics, the Rothe–Hagen identity is named after him; it appears in his three-volume 1891 publication, Synopsis of Higher Mathematics.

Vatican Observatory

In 1906, John was called by Pope Pius X to take charge of the Vatican Observatory in Rome. He died in Rome in 1930.

The crater Hagen, 55 km in diameter, on the far side of the Moon is named after him.

Publications

Atlas Stellarum Variabilium (Atlas of variable stars) (in Latin). Berlin: Felix L. Dames. 1890–1908.[1]
with G. A. Fargis: The photochronograph, and its applications to star transits. Georgetown, D. C.: Georgetown College Observatory. 1891.[2]
Synopsis der höheren Mathematik. 4 vols. Berlin: F. L. Dames.Vol. 1: Arithmetische und algebraische Analyse. 1891.Vol. 2: Geometrie der algebraischen Gebilde. 1894.Vol. 3: Differential- und Integralrechnung. 1905.Vol. 4: Differentialgeometrie der Ebene und des Raumes. 1930.
Index operum Leonardi Euleri. Berlin: F. L. Dames. 1896.[3]
Hagen, J. G. (1900). "On the history of the extensions of the calculus" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 6 (9): 381–390. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1900-00733-6. MR 1557730.
La rotation de la terre, ses preuves mécaniques anciennes et nouvelles. Rome: Tipografia Vaticana. 1911.

gollark: ++remind 2d11m or merely to invoke humor, or perhaps simply for the joy of constructing a novel paradigm of programming.

gollark: ++remind 2d8m for general, practical use in, for example, the software industry, or more generally the production of software which satisfies some kind of user need, and instead is designed purely for recreational purposes, whether in order to serve as a demonstration for an argument of some form [cont]

gollark: Will do, hold on.

gollark: ++remind 2d3m produce the specification for a form of language designed for providing instructions to computational devices (not necessary limited to real or practical computational hardware) and yet which is not suitable and/or intended [cont]

gollark: ++remind 2d Human individual using the Discord account with the identification number 319753218592866315 (three hundred nineteen quadrillion seven hundred fifty-three trillion two hundred eighteen billion five hundred ninety-two million eight hundred sixty-six thousand three hundred fifteen), [cont]

References

Wisconsin Journal of History, December 1941, page 180.
Stein, J. (1931), "Johann Georg Hagen, S. J.", Popular Astronomy, 39: 8, Bibcode:1931PA.....39....8S

Parkhurst, J. A. (1907). "Review: Atlas Stellarum Variabilium, by Johann G. Hagen". Astrophysical Journal. 25: 361–362. Bibcode:1907ApJ....25..361.. doi:10.1086/141461.
Jacoby, Harold (1891). "Review: The photochronograph, and its applications to star transits, by J. G. Hagen and G. A. Fargis". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 1 (2): 44–46. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1891-00025-5.
Ziwet, Alexander (1897). "Review: Index operum Leonardi Euleri, by J. G. Hagen". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 (7): 256. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1897-00417-7.

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[1] Parkhurst, J. A. (1907). "Review: Atlas Stellarum Variabilium, by Johann G. Hagen". Astrophysical Journal. 25: 361–362. Bibcode:1907ApJ....25..361.. doi:10.1086/141461.

[2] Jacoby, Harold (1891). "Review: The photochronograph, and its applications to star transits, by J. G. Hagen and G. A. Fargis". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 1 (2): 44–46. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1891-00025-5.

[3] Ziwet, Alexander (1897). "Review: Index operum Leonardi Euleri, by J. G. Hagen". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 3 (7): 256. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1897-00417-7.