Jiangnan Province

Jiangnan (Chinese: 江南; pinyin: jiāng nán, formerly romanized as Kiangnan) is a former province of China whose capital was Jiangning (Chinese: 江寧), which covered the land from north of the Huai River to south of the Yangtze River in East China[1]. The province existed during early Qing dynasty and was divided into the provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui[2] during the era of the Kangxi Emperor (1654–1722) and Qianlong Emperor (1736–1795) and ceased to exist since then[3].

The province was given the name Jiangnan (Chinese: 江南; lit.: 'the South of the Yangtze River'[1]) in 1645[4] after Manchu-led Qing army conquered South Zhili (Chinese: 南直隸; lit.: 'South Direct Administration') of Ming Empire[2] during the Manchu conquest of Ming China. The earliest time of the partition can date back to 1667[5], yet the exact time is disputed[3].

Administrative divisions

According to the Jiangnan Tongzhi (Chinese: 江南通志, meaning "the General History of Jiangnan") in Siku Quanshu (Chinese: 四庫全書)[6], Jiangnan Province consisted of 16 Fu and 8 Zhou.

Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations
Jiangsu Anhui
Administrative division traditional Chinese[6] simplified Chinese Administrative division traditional Chinese[7] simplified Chinese
Jiangning Fu[note 1] 江寧府 江宁府 Anqing Fu 安慶府 安庆府
Suzhou Fu 蘇州府 苏州府 Huizhou Fu 徽州府 徽州府
Songjiang Fu 松江府 松江府 Ningguo Fu 寧國府 宁国府
Changzhou Fu 常州府 常州府 Chizhou Fu 池州府 池州府
Zhenjiang Fu 鎮江府 镇江府 Taiping Fu 太平府 太平府
Huai'an Fu 淮安府 淮安府 Luzhou Fu 廬州府 庐州府
Yangzhou Fu 揚州府 扬州府 Fengyang Fu 鳳陽府 凤阳府
Xuzhou Fu 徐州府 徐州府 Yingzhou Fu 潁州府 颖州府
Taicangzhou 太倉州 太仓州 Chuzhou 滁州 滁州
Haizhou 海州 海州 Hezhou 和州 和州
Tongzhou 通州 通州 Guangdezhou 廣德州 广德州
Lu'anzhou 六安州 六安州
Sizhou 泗州 泗州
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See also
  • Jiangnan, a geographic concept related to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River
  • Yang Province, a zhou during Han dynasty, considers one of the Nine Provinces
  • Jiangzhe Province, similar region during the Yuan dynasty
  • Shanghai, Jiangsu and Anhui, the modern successors of Jiangnan Province.

Notes
  1. Jiangning Fu, or Jiangning, now called Nanjing, was the capital of Jiangnan Province.

References
  1. Johnson, Linda Cooke (1993). Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China. New York: SUNY Press. p. 112. ISBN 9780791414248.
  2. Tao, Jiang (2009). "清代江南省分治问题——立足于 《清实录》 的考察". The Qing History Journal. 2 – via CNKI. The Southern Capital (South Zhili) of Ming was renamed as Jiangnan Province in early Qing dynasty, and then was divided into the two provinces Anhui and Jiangsu. (Chinese: 明之南京 (南直隶)于清初改称江南省 , 后更一分为二, 成为安徽、 江苏二省)
  3. Fu, Linxiang (2008). "The Partition of Jiangnan,Huguang and Shaanxi Provinces and the Change of the Provincial System at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty". Journal of Chinese Historical Geography. 2 – via CNKI.
  4. Zhang, Caitian; Wang, Shuzhan; Zhou, Yanggong (1927). Draft History of Qing. Chapter 58. Wikisource. 明為南京。清順治二年改江南省，設布政使司，置兩江總督轄江南、江西，駐江寧。
  5. Zhang, Caitian; Wang, Shuzhan; Zhou, Yanggong (1927). Draft History of Qing. Chapter 58. Wikisource. 康熙元年，安徽設巡撫。三年，分江北按察使往治。五年，揚州、淮安、徐州復隸江南。六年，江南更今名，改左布政使為安徽布政使司，駐江寧。右布政使為江蘇布政使司，治蘇州。統江寧、蘇州、常州、松江、鎮江、揚州、淮安府七，徐州直隸州一。
  6. "江南通志 (四庫全書本)/卷001". Wikisource (in Chinese). Retrieved 2019-04-15.
  7. "江南通志 (四庫全書本)/卷002". Wikisource (in Chinese). Retrieved 2019-04-15.
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