Jeffrey Braithwaite

Jeffrey Braithwaite BA [UNE], DipIR, MIR [Syd], MBA [Macq], PhD [UNSW], FIML, FACHSM, FAAHMS, FFPHRCP [UK], FAcSS [UK], Hon FRACMA is an Australian professor, health services and systems researcher, writer and commentator. He is Founding Director of the Australian Institute of Health Innovation at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Director of the Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation; Professor of Health Systems Research, Macquarie University; Professor, Centre for Implementation of Hearing Research, Macquarie University.

His work appears in journals such as the British Medical Journal, The Lancet, Social Science & Medicine, BMJ Quality & Safety, and the International Journal of Quality in Health Care.

Braithwaite has a TED Talk “Turning, breaking or vanishing point?”

Jeffrey Braithwaite

Career

He has tertiary qualifications in psychology, industrial relations and business administration and holds a Doctorate of Philosophy from University of New South Wales.

In 2000 he was appointed a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Management (FAIM), now known as the Institute of Managers and Leaders (FIML). In 2001 he was conferred as Fellow of the Australasian College of Health Service Management (FCHSM) and in 2012 as Honorary Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators. In 2014 he was made Fellow in the distinction grade, Faculty of Public Health, Royal College of Physicians, United Kingdom (FFPH, RCP). In 2015 he was conferred as Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, United Kingdom (FAcSS). In 2017 he was awarded Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences (FAAHMS).

In 2017 the International Society for Quality in Healthcare announced his appointment as President-Elect for 2017-2020 after which he will take on the position of President from October 2020 – 2022.[1]

Braithwaite has appointments with six other universities internationally including Honorary Senior International Research Fellow at the Canon Institute for Global Studies (Japan),[2] Honorary Professor, University of Birmingham (UK),[3] Honorary Professor, Newcastle University (UK) and Adjunct Professor for Resilient Health Care and Patient Safety, University of Southern Denmark (Denmark).[4]

He is Professor of Health Systems Research with the Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences at Macquarie University and his publications can be viewed on Google Scholar.

Research contributions

Braithwaite has published research on resilient healthcare,[5] implementation science,[6] health systems sustainability,[7] complexity science,[8] patient safety,[9] international healthcare reform,[10] professional cultures,[11] change and restructuring.[12][13] His publications can be viewed on Google Scholar.

Resilient Healthcare

From 2011 with colleagues including Professor Erik Hollnagel, University of Southern Denmark, and Professor Bob Wears, University of Florida, and as part of Denmark’s Resilient Health Care Net initiative, Braithwaite co-authored a series of books on resilient healthcare and Safety II.[14][15]

Braithwaite has provided policy and development support to the Resilient Health Care Net and Conference with Professor Erik Hollnagel.

Implementation science

In 2017 Braithwaite was awarded a National Health and Medical Research Council project grant for the Centre for Research Excellence in Implementation Science in Oncology to turn research knowledge into effective patient-centred practice by bringing together researchers, policy makers, clinicians and patients.

Health system sustainability

In 2016 Braithwaite was awarded a National Health and Medical Research Council partnership centre grant to establish the Centre for Health System Sustainability to support the implementation of research-informed improvements in healthcare.

Complexity science and patient safety

Braithwaite has commented publicly on patient safety[16] and the complex nature[17][18][19][20] of healthcare systems and how the number of adverse events experienced by patients in hospital has not decreased.

In 2017, Braithwaite’s white paper Complexity Science in Healthcare – Aspirations, Approaches, Applications and Accomplishments[21] was published. It advocates for healthcare to be recognised as a complex adaptive system and outlines potential applications to healthcare in Australia and worldwide. Braithwaite is a partner with the Australian Genomics Health Alliance.

Braithwaite led the CareTrack Australia project, part of a National Health and Medical Research Council program grant, that examined the appropriateness of the care provided in Australia. It showed that adults in Australian received appropriate care in 57% of consultations. Results were published in the Medical Journal of Australia. Runciman WB, Hunt TD, Hannaford NA, Hibbert PD, Westbrook JI, Coiera E, Day RO, Hindmarsh DM, McGlynn EA, Braithwaite J. CareTrack: Assessing the appropriateness of healthcare delivery in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia. 2012; 197(2):100-5.

Results from the CareTrack Kids study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed children in Australia receive care in line with clinical practice guideline recommendations on average 60 percent of the time. Braithwaite J, Hibbert P, Jaffe A, White L, Cowell C, Harris M, Runciman W, Hallahan AR, Wheaton G, Williams H, Murphy E, Molloy C, Wiles L, Ramanathan S, Arnolda G, Ting HP, Hooper TD, Szabo N, Wakefield JG, Hughes CF, Schmiede A, Dalton C, Dalton S, Holt J, Donaldson L, Kelley E, Lilford R, Lachman P, Muething S. The quality of health care for children in Australia. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2018; 319(11):1113-24.

International healthcare reform

Braithwaite consults to the World Health Organization (WHO) and AusAid, particularly to the governments of East Timor, Laos, Papua New Guinea and the People's Republic of China; to WHO Centre for Health Development Kobe in Japan (also known as WHO Kobe Centre) and the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau. Braithwaite is an International member of the WHO Global Patient Safety Network, Geneva, Switzerland from 2015. He is a Technical Advisor to the Regional Director, Eastern Mediterranean Region of WHO, 2019-2021.

In 2017 Braithwaite edited Health Systems Improvement across the globe – success stories from 60 countries[22] - which invited authors from poor-, middle- and high-income countries to contribute articles illustrating where their health system has done well and providing lessons for other countries.

He has contributed to policy and development of multiple international organisations including the Canon Institute for Global Studies (Japan), Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), and Haute Autorité de Santé (France), 2008–present.

Braithwaite developed and taught various educational activities on health services management for the Shanghai Health Bureau, People’s Republic of China, on behalf of the World Health Organization between 1997-2000.

He developed a strategic approach to research and a research plan for the Danish Institute for Quality and Accreditation in Healthcare (IKAS), the Danish accreditation provider, over 2009-2010.

Selected publications
  • Greenfield, D. and Braithwaite, J. (2008) Health sector accreditation research: a systematic review. Int J Qual Health Care, 20(3):172-183.[23]
  • Runciman, W.B., Hunt, T.D., Hannaford, N.A., Hibbert, P.D., Westbrook, J.I., Coiera, E.W., Day, R.O., Hindmarsh, D.M., McGlynn, E.A. and Braithwaite, J. (2012) CareTrack: assessing the appropriateness of healthcare delivery in Australia. Med J Aust, 197(2):100-105.[24]
  • Long, J.C., Cunningham, F.C. and Braithwaite J. (2013) Bridges, brokers and boundary spanners in collaborative networks: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res, 13:158.[25]
  • Nugus, P., Greenfield, D., Travaglia, J., Westbrook, J. and Braithwaite, J. (2010) How and where clinicians exercise power: interprofessional relations in health care. Soc Sci Med, 71(5):898-909.[26]
  • Ranmuthugala, G., Plumb, J., Cunningham, F., Georgiou, A., Westbrook, J.I. and Braithwaite, J. (2011) How and why are communities of practice established in the healthcare sector? A systematic review of the literature. BMC Health Serv Res, 11:273.[27]
  • Iedema, R., Degeling, P.J., Braithwaite, J. and White, L. (2004) ‘It's an interesting conversation I'm hearing’: the doctor as manager. Organ Stud, 25(1):15-34.[28]
  • Cunningham, F.C., Ranmuthugala, G., Plumb, J., Georgiou, A., Westbrook, J.I. and Braithwaite, J. (2012) Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review. BMJ Qual Saf, 21(3):239-249.[29]
  • Westbrook, J.I., Braithwaite, J., Georgiou, A., Ampt, A., Creswick, N., Coiera, E. and Iedema, R. (2007) Multimethod Evaluation of Information and Communication Technologies in Health in the context of wicked problems and socio-technical theory. JAMIA Open, 14(6):746-755.[30]
  • Braithwaite, J., Greenfield, D., Westbrook, J., Pawsey, M., Westbrook, M., Gibberd, R., Naylor, J., Nathan, S., Robinson, M., Runciman, B., Jackson, M., Travaglia, J., Johnston, B., Yen, D., McDonald, H., Low, L., Redman, S., Johnson, B., Corbett, A., Hennessy, D., Clark, J. and Lancaster, J. (2010) Health service accreditation as a predictor of clinical and organizational performance: a blinded, random, stratified study. Qual Saf Health Care, 19:14-21.[31] Editorial comment on this article.
  • Westbrook, J.I., Reckmann, M., Ling, L., Runciman, W.B., Burke, R., Lo, C., Baysari, M.T., Braithwaite, J. and Day, R.O. (2012) Effects of two commercial electronic prescribing systems on prescribing error rates in hospital in-patients: a before and after study. PLoS Med, 9(1):e1001164.[32]

Awards and honours
2020 Awarded a top 10% downloaded paper for 2018-2019 (Wiley)—Churruca, K., Ludlow, K., Taylor, N., Long, J.C., Best, S. and Braithwaite, J. (2019) The time has come: embedded implementation research for health care improvement. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 25(3):373-380. doi: 10.1111/jep.13100.
2020 Awarded a top 10% downloaded paper for 2018-2019 (Wiley)—Lamprell, K., Arnolda, G., Delaney, G., Liauw, W. and Braithwaite, J. (2019) The challenge of putting principles into practice: resource tensions and real-world constraints in multidisciplinary oncology team meetings. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15(4):199-207. doi: 10.1111/ajco.13166.
2019 Winner Peter Reizenstein Award for Best Paper Published in the International Journal for Quality in Health Care (IJQHC) in 2018—Hibbert, P.D., Thomas, M.J.W., Deakin, A., Runciman, W.B., Braithwaite, J., Lomax, S., Prescott, J., Gorrie, G., Szczygielski, A., Surwald, T. and Fraser, C. (2018) Are root cause analyses recommendations effective and sustainable?: an observational study. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 30(2);124-131. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx181.
2016 Winner Cancer Institute NSW Premier's Award for Outstanding Cancer Research for the paper Taylor, N., Long, J.C., Debono, D., Williams, R., Salisbury, E., O'Neill, S.O., Eykman, E., Braithwaite, J. and Chin, M.
2015 Named Research Australia: Health Services Researcher of the Year, 2015.
2011 Awarded The Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS) Medal for outstanding contribution by an individual to improving quality and safety in Australian health services.
2005 Winner Carrick Institute Citation for Outstanding Contribution to Student Learning.

References
  1. "People Directory :: ISQua".
  2. "Yukihiro MATSUYAMA | Research Fellows | the Canon Institute for Global Studies".
  3. "Honorary staff - University of Birmingham".
  4. "Professor Braithwaite appointed as Adjunct Professor, University of Southern Denmark | News & Events".
  5. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Wears, Robert L.; Hollnagel, Erik (October 2015). "Resilient health care: turning patient safety on its head". International Journal for Quality in Health Care: Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care. 27 (5): 418–420. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzv063. ISSN 1464-3677. PMID 26294709.
  6. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Westbrook, Mary T.; Iedema, Rick; Mallock, Nadine A.; Forsyth, Rowena; Zhang, Kai (March 2005). "A tale of two hospitals: assessing cultural landscapes and compositions". Social Science & Medicine. 60 (5): 1149–1162. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.046. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 15589681.
  7. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Testa, Luke; Lamprell, Gina; Herkes, Jessica; Ludlow, Kristiana; McPherson, Elise; Campbell, Margie; Holt, Joanna (12 November 2017). "Built to last? The sustainability of health system improvements, interventions and change strategies: a study protocol for a systematic review". BMJ Open. 7 (11): e018568. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018568. ISSN 2044-6055. PMC 5695467. PMID 29133332.
  8. Resilient health care. Hollnagel, Erik, 1941-, Braithwaite, Jeffrey, 1954-, Wears, Robert L. Farnham, Surrey, UK England: Ashgate. 2013. ISBN 9781409469780. OCLC 855504811.CS1 maint: others (link)
  9. Iedema, Roderick Aren Michael; Jorm, Christine; Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Travaglia, Jo; Lum, Martin (September 2006). "A root cause analysis of clinical error: confronting the disjunction between formal rules and situated clinical activity". Social Science & Medicine. 63 (5): 1201–1212. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.035. ISSN 0277-9536. PMID 16690184.
  10. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Mannion, Russell; Matsuyama, Yukihiro; Shekelle, Paul; Whittaker, Stuart; Al-Adawi, Samir; Ludlow, Kristiana; James, Wendy; Ting, Hsuen P (1 October 2017). "Accomplishing reform: successful case studies drawn from the health systems of 60 countries". International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 29 (6): 880–886. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzx122. ISSN 1353-4505. PMC 5890865. PMID 29036604.
  11. Culture and climate in health care organizations. Braithwaite, Jeffrey, 1954-, Hyde, Paula., Pope, Catherine., Palgrave Connect (Online service). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2010. ISBN 9780230584655. OCLC 649381013.CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. Braithwaite, Jeffrey (12 July 2007). "How to restructure-proof your health service". BMJ. 335 (7610): 99. doi:10.1136/bmj.39272.443137.59. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1914453.
  13. Braithwaite, Jeffrey (24 November 2005). "Invest in people, not restructuring". BMJ. 331 (7527): 1272. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7527.1272-a. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 1289372. PMID 16308407.
  14. Resilient health care. Hollnagel, Erik, 1941-, Braithwaite, Jeffrey, 1954-, Wears, Robert L. Farnham, Surrey, UK England: Ashgate. 2013. ISBN 9781409469780. OCLC 855504811.CS1 maint: others (link)
  15. Hollnagel, Professor Erik; Braithwaite, Professor Jeffrey; Wears, Professor Robert L. (28 March 2015). Resilient health care. Volume 2, The resilience of everyday clinical work. Hollnagel, Erik, 1941-, Braithwaite, Jeffrey, 1954-, Wears, Robert L. (Second ed.). Farnham. ISBN 9781472437822. OCLC 899704731.
  16. Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Westbrook, Mary T.; Robinson, Maureen; Michael, Sarah; Pirone, Christy; Robinson, Philip (May 2011). "Improving patient safety: the comparative views of patient-safety specialists, workforce staff and managers". BMJ Quality & Safety. 20 (5): 424–431. doi:10.1136/bmjqs.2010.047605. ISSN 2044-5423. PMID 21242528.
  17. "Patient safety: Why we need less hierarchy and more "geeks" - Sax Institute". Sax Institute. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  18. Taylor, Andrew (18 April 2017). "Patient safety expert Sir Liam Donaldson wants to get rid of the 'patronising attitude' in health care". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  19. Alexander, Harriet (3 February 2016). "NSW public hospitals record rise in medication errors, surgical errors, inpatient suicides". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  20. Aubusson, Kate; Alexander, Harriet (3 September 2016). "Probe after second stillborn cremation error at RNS Hospital morgue". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
  21. 1954-, Braithwaite, Jeffrey (August 2017). Complexity science in healthcare - aspirations, approaches, applications and accomplishments : a white paper. Churruca, Kate,, Ellis, Louise A. 1975-, Long, Janet c.,, Clay-Williams, Robyn.,, Damen, Nikki,, Herkes, Jessica. South Yarra: Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 9781741384567. OCLC 1001721355.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. Jeffrey., Braithwaite (2017). Health Systems Improvement Across the Globe. London: CRC Press. ISBN 9781472482044. OCLC 1000394292.
  23. Greenfield, D.; Braithwaite, J. (12 March 2008). "Health sector accreditation research: a systematic review". International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 20 (3): 172–183. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzn005. ISSN 1353-4505.
  24. Runciman, William B; Hunt, Tamara D; Hannaford, Natalie A; Hibbert, Peter D; Westbrook, Johanna I; Coiera, Enrico W; Day, Richard O; Hindmarsh, Diane M; McGlynn, Elizabeth A; Braithwaite, Jeffrey (November 2012). "CareTrack: assessing the appropriateness of health care delivery in Australia". Medical Journal of Australia. 197 (10): 549–550. doi:10.5694/mja12.11210. ISSN 0025-729X.
  25. Long, Janet C; Cunningham, Frances C; Braithwaite, Jeffrey (30 April 2013). "Bridges, brokers and boundary spanners in collaborative networks: a systematic review". BMC Health Services Research. 13 (1). doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-158. ISSN 1472-6963.
  26. Nugus, Peter; Greenfield, David; Travaglia, Joanne; Westbrook, Johanna; Braithwaite, Jeffrey (September 2010). "How and where clinicians exercise power: Interprofessional relations in health care". Social Science & Medicine. 71 (5): 898–909. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.029. ISSN 0277-9536.
  27. Ranmuthugala, Geetha; Plumb, Jennifer J; Cunningham, Frances C; Georgiou, Andrew; Westbrook, Johanna I; Braithwaite, Jeffrey (14 October 2011). "How and why are communities of practice established in the healthcare sector? A systematic review of the literature". BMC Health Services Research. 11 (1). doi:10.1186/1472-6963-11-273. ISSN 1472-6963.
  28. Iedema, Rick; Degeling, Pieter; Braithwaite, Jeffrey; White, Les (January 2004). "'It's an Interesting Conversation I'm Hearing': The Doctor as Manager". Organization Studies. 25 (1): 15–33. doi:10.1177/0170840604038174. ISSN 0170-8406.
  29. Cunningham, Frances C; Ranmuthugala, Geetha; Plumb, Jennifer; Georgiou, Andrew; Westbrook, Johanna I; Braithwaite, Jeffrey (30 November 2011). "Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review". BMJ Quality & Safety. 21 (3): 239–249. doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2011-000187. ISSN 2044-5415.
  30. Westbrook, J. I.; Braithwaite, J.; Georgiou, A.; Ampt, A.; Creswick, N.; Coiera, E.; Iedema, R. (1 November 2007). "Multimethod Evaluation of Information and Communication Technologies in Health in the Context of Wicked Problems and Sociotechnical Theory". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 14 (6): 746–755. doi:10.1197/jamia.m2462. ISSN 1067-5027.
  31. Braithwaite, J.; Greenfield, D.; Westbrook, J.; Pawsey, M.; Westbrook, M.; Gibberd, R.; Naylor, J.; Nathan, S.; Robinson, M.; Runciman, B.; Jackson, M. (1 February 2010). "Health service accreditation as a predictor of clinical and organisational performance: a blinded, random, stratified study". Quality and Safety in Health Care. 19 (1): 14–21. doi:10.1136/qshc.2009.033928. ISSN 1475-3898.
  32. Westbrook, Johanna I.; Reckmann, Margaret; Li, Ling; Runciman, William B.; Burke, Rosemary; Lo, Connie; Baysari, Melissa T.; Braithwaite, Jeffrey; Day, Richard O. (31 January 2012). "Effects of Two Commercial Electronic Prescribing Systems on Prescribing Error Rates in Hospital In-Patients: A Before and After Study". PLoS Medicine. 9 (1): e1001164. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001164. ISSN 1549-1676.
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