Japan (band)

Japan were an English new wave band formed in 1974 in Catford, South London by David Sylvian (vocals, guitar, keyboards), Steve Jansen (drums) and Mick Karn (bass guitar), joined by Richard Barbieri (keyboards) the following year. Initially a glam rock-inspired band, Japan developed their sound and androgynous look to incorporate electronic music and foreign influences, eventually becoming an influence on the UK's early-1980s New Romantic scene, though the band themselves were not a part of it.

Japan
Japan in 1981: Sylvian, Jansen, Karn, Barbieri
Background information
Also known as	Rain Tree Crow (1989–1991)
Origin	Catford, South London, England
Genres	Art pop[1][2] new wave[3] glam rock[4] synthpop[5] post-punk[6]
Years active	1974–1982, 1989–1991
Labels	Hansa Virgin
Associated acts	The Dolphin Brothers Nine Horses
Past members	David Sylvian Mick Karn Steve Jansen Richard Barbieri Rob Dean

Japan achieved success in the late 1970s and early 1980s, releasing nine UK Top 40 hits, including the 1982 Top 5 hit single "Ghosts", and scoring a UK Top 5 with the live album Oil on Canvas (1983). The band split in December 1982, just as they were beginning to experience commercial success in the UK and abroad. Its members went on to pursue other musical projects, though they reformed briefly in the early 1990s under the name Rain Tree Crow, releasing an album in 1991.

History

The band began as a group of friends in the early 1970s. Brothers David Sylvian (guitar and vocals) and Steve Jansen (drums), and bassist Mick Karn studied at the same school, Catford Boys', Brownhill Road, South London. As youngsters they played Sylvian's two-chord numbers mainly as a means of escape; initially with Karn on lead vocals and Sylvian on guitar and backing vocals, Sylvian became lead vocalist in 1974. In June 1974 they made their first public performance at Karn's brother's wedding reception.[7]

The band, who were initially nameless, opted to call themselves Japan. The name was intended by Sylvian to be temporary until they could think of something else, but ultimately became permanent.[8] The following year they were joined by another school friend Richard Barbieri on keyboards and later by lead guitarist Rob Dean, and signed a management deal with Simon Napier-Bell in 1976. After winning a label-sponsored talent contest the band signed a recording contract with the German disco label Hansa-Ariola in 1977, becoming an alternative glam rock outfit in the mould of Lou Reed, David Bowie, T.Rex, Roxy Music, and New York Dolls although their initial material was guitar-based funk.[9]

Shortly after signing the record deal Sylvian, Jansen and Karn adopted their stage names. Initially, the record company was horrified by the apparent similarity of Sylvian's and Jansen's names to the names of band members of The New York Dolls, but eventually accepted the name changes. In 1977 the band embarked on their first recording session for the record company with producer Ray Singer.[10]

Early years

In March 1978 the band released their first single, a cover version of "Don't Rain on My Parade" followed a month later by their debut album Adolescent Sex. Advertising campaignes that focused on the band's androgynous glam rock image failed to attract much interest for the band in the UK but was more successful in Japan were the band attracted a considerable fan following before a record had been released.[11] The debut album was followed up with their second album, Obscure Alternatives, the same year. Both albums, produced by Ray Singer, sold well in Japan and the Netherlands, where the single "Adolescent Sex" was a Top 30 hit. They also gained some popularity in Canada. However, in their native UK, those albums failed to garner public attention and did not chart.[12]

The debut album was followed by the band's first UK tour supporting Blue Oyster Cult. Intended to promote the album Japan faced negative criticism and hostile audiences. The album itself sold poorly and in August 1978 their second single "The Unconventional" failed to chart. In September the band also made a short US tour, but although they were better accepted by American audiences it proved to be their last and only US tour. The follow-up album Obscure Alternatives showed musical progress and particularly the last track "The Tenant" – which has been described as a fusion of Low-era David Bowie and the piano works of Erik Satie – was a hint of the band's future, but again the album was a commercial and critical flop.[11]

Though influenced by artists such as Lou Reed, T. Rex, New York Dolls, Roxy Music and David Bowie,[9] both albums were widely dismissed by the UK music press as being distinctly outmoded at a time when punk and new wave bands were in ascendance.

The band was managed by Simon Napier-Bell who also managed the Yardbirds, Marc Bolan, London and Wham!.

Mid-career

Japan perform in 1979 (Karn, left, and Sylvian).

In 1979, the band briefly worked with the successful Euro disco producer Giorgio Moroder, who co-wrote and produced a one-off single, "Life in Tokyo". The track was unsuccessful as a single but a significant change in musical style from their earlier guitar-laden recordings, moving them away from their glam rock roots and into electronic new wave.

The electronic style continued on their third album, Quiet Life (1979), which was produced by the band with John Punter and Simon Napier-Bell. In a retrospective review of the band's work, The Quietus described Quiet Life as defining "a very European form of detached, sexually-ambiguous and thoughtful art-pop, one not too dissimilar to what the ever-prescient David Bowie had delivered two years earlier with Low.[13] It showcased Barbieri's synthesizers, Sylvian's now baritone style of singing, Karn's distinctive fretless bass sound and Jansen's odd-timbred and intricate percussion work, with Dean's guitar playing becoming somewhat sparser and atmospheric.[9] Quiet Life was their last studio album for Hansa-Ariola, although the label would later issue a compilation album (Assemblage) featuring highlights from the band's tenure on the label, followed by a series of remixed and re-released singles.

Quiet Life was the first Japan album to reach the UK Albums Chart, but it wasn't a success on its initial release. It peaked at a lowly 72 in February 1980 and dropped out of the chart the following week. The band had for long been a financial strain on their record company and management, and after a final attempt to score a hit single that would boost the sales of the album with a cover version of "I Second That Emotion" was unsuccessful, Japan was dropped by Hansa Records.[14]

Final years

After leaving Hansa-Ariola, the band signed with Virgin Records who released their last studio albums, Gentlemen Take Polaroids (1980) and Tin Drum (1981). The albums continued to expand their audience as the band refined its new sound, however, the combination of their newer sound and the band's stylised visual appearance led to them unintentionally becoming associated with the early-1980s New Romantic scene. The band had always worn make-up since their inception in the mid-1970s at the tail end of the glam rock era, several years before the New Romantic movement had begun. In an October 1981 interview, Sylvian commented "There's a period going past at the moment that may make us look as though we're in fashion."[8] In another interview, he stated "I don't like to be associated with them [New Romantics]. The attitudes are so very different." Of Japan's fashion sense, Sylvian said "For them [New Romantics], fancy dress is a costume. But ours is a way of life. We look and dress this way every day."[15] Regardless, it had a positive effect on the band's record sales in the UK and they slowly began to gain chart success.

After a couple of lower charting singles, their first UK Top 40 hit was a re-release of the "Quiet Life" single, which peaked at No. 19 in October 1981. Three of the singles from the Tin Drum album also peaked in the UK Top 40, with its unconventional single "Ghosts" reaching No. 5, becoming Japan's biggest domestic hit.[12] The Tin Drum album itself peaked just outside the UK Top 10,[16] and was the band's first record to be certified by the BPI, being awarded a Silver disc within a month of release, and reaching Gold status within four months. The album, produced by Steve Nye, is often regarded as one of the most innovative of the 1980s, with its fusion of occidental and oriental sounds. In 2011, thirty years after its release, Tin Drum was awarded BBC Radio 6 Music's 'Goldie Award' posthumously for the Best Album of 1981.

With personality conflicts leading to rising tensions within the band, Tin Drum was to be the band's final studio album. Long-simmering differences among the band members came to a head when Karn's girlfriend, photographer Yuka Fujii, moved in with Sylvian and the individual members proceeded with their own projects. Rob Dean had already departed (in May 1981) after the release of the Gentlemen Take Polaroids album, as his electric guitar work became superfluous for the band's sound on Tin Drum. Dean subsequently formed the band Illustrated Man. Karn released his first solo album, Titles, at the same time the band announced their split in late 1982.

During the early 1980s, Japanese multi-instrumentalist and experimental keyboardist Ryuichi Sakamoto, of Yellow Magic Orchestra (YMO), briefly collaborated with the band, and worked directly alongside Sylvian on tracks such as "Taking Islands in Africa". In addition, Steve Jansen was influenced by YMO's drummer Yukihiro Takahashi.[17] Sakamoto would continue to work with Sylvian both before and after the band split, and the pair would achieve the hit singles "Bamboo Houses" (1982) and "Forbidden Colours" (1983).

Japan in November 1982.

The group's final UK performances came towards the latter stages of 1982, which included a final TV appearance playing together on the Old Grey Whistle Test in October and culminating in a six-night sell-out stint at London's Hammersmith Odeon in November (which would be recorded and filmed to produce Oil on Canvas, a live album and video released in June 1983). During this period, guitarist and keyboardist Masami Tsuchiya performed with the band on stage. Japan's last ever performance was on 16 December 1982 in Nagoya, Japan.

The band decided to split just as they were beginning to achieve major commercial success both in the UK and internationally, with Oil on Canvas becoming their highest charting UK album, reaching No. 5 on the UK Albums Chart,[12] a rare feat for a live album. By this time, the band's back catalogue had begun to sell steadily and both Hansa-Ariola and Virgin Records continued to release Japan singles into 1983,[12] ultimately earning the band a total of nine Top 40 hits in the UK. In summer 1982 a Hansa re-release of "I Second That Emotion" became Japan's second Top 10 hit, reaching number 9. A remixed version of "Life in Tokyo" and a Virgin Records release of "Nightporter" were subsequently both Top 30 hits on the UK Singles Chart.[18]

Post break-up

All of the band members went on to work on other projects, with varying degrees of success. After his collaborations with Sakamoto, Sylvian's first solo album Brilliant Trees reached #4 in the UK Album Charts in 1984. Meanwhile, Karn had become a sought-after session musician and worked with artists such as Gary Numan, Kate Bush, and Joan Armatrading. He also had a Top 40 hit ("After a Fashion") with Midge Ure in 1983, and collaborated with Peter Murphy of Bauhaus as the duo Dalis Car, releasing an album in 1984. Jansen and Barbieri worked together as the Dolphin Brothers and simply as Jansen & Barbieri ("Stories Across Borders", 1991, Virgin), and Rob Dean went on to work with Gary Numan and Sinead O'Connor.

Rain Tree Crow

In September 1989, Sylvian, Karn, Jansen and Barbieri reunited under the name Rain Tree Crow. They released an eponymously titled album in April 1991, which was well-received by music critics and reached the UK Top 25. However, once again, the band dissolved following frictions between Sylvian and the other members.[12]

Other projects

Medium Productions was a record label created in 1993 primarily to publish the music of Steve Jansen, Richard Barbieri, and Mick Karn. Medium was a means to release their own music with other collaborating artists, without 'big record label' compromise. Fifteen CDs of largely instrumental music were produced over a ten-year period. Medium Productions folded in 2004 as the founders became more involved in other projects (such as Porcupine Tree, Nine Horses). The entire MP catalog has been re-released on the Voiceprint Music label beginning in 2001.

Richard Barbieri moved on to become the keyboardist for progressive rock band Porcupine Tree, a role he has filled since 1995's The Sky Moves Sideways. Although band members would work with each other again on various individual projects (including Sylvian and Jansen's Nine Horses project), no further full Japan reunions were planned in any form.

Throughout the 1990s Karn, Jansen and Barbieri reunited in instrumental projects with different guitarists such as David Torn and Steven Wilson.

Twenty years after their reunion as Rain Tree Crow, Mick Karn died from cancer in January 2011.[19]

Band members

• David Sylvian – vocals, guitars, keyboards (1974–1982, 1990–1991)
• Mick Karn – bass guitars, saxophone, backing vocals (1974–1982, 1990–1991; died 2011)
• Steve Jansen – drums, percussion, keyboards (1974–1982, 1990–1991)
• Richard Barbieri – keyboards, synthesisers (1974–1982, 1990–1991)
• Rob Dean – guitars, backing vocals (1975–1981)

Live personnel

• Jane Shorter – saxophone (1979–1980)
• David Rhodes – guitars (1981)
• Masami Tsuchiya – guitars, keyboards (1982)

Discography

Albums

Studio albums

Year	Album	Peak chart positions						Certifications
		UK [16]	AUS [20]	JPN [21]	NLD [22]	NOR [23]	SWE [24]
1978	Adolescent Sex Label: Hansa	—	—	20	—	—	—
1978	Obscure Alternatives Label: Hansa	—	—	21	41	—	—
1979	Quiet Life Label: Hansa	53	—	24	—	—	—	BPI: Gold[25]
1980	Gentlemen Take Polaroids Label: Virgin Records	51	86	51	—	—	—	BPI: Gold[25]
1981	Tin Drum Label: Virgin Records	12	—	38	—	16	33	BPI: Gold[25]
1991	Rain Tree Crow (Japan reformed as "Rain Tree Crow") Label: Virgin Records	24	—	49	61	—	33
"—" denotes releases that did not chart or was not released

Live albums

Year	Album	Peak chart positions		Certifications
		UK [16]	JPN [21]
1983	Oil on Canvas Label: Virgin Records Released: June 1983	5	11	BPI: Gold[25]

Compilations

Year	Album	Peak chart positions		Certifications
		UK	US
1981	Assemblage	26	—	BPI: Gold[25]
1982	Japan	—	204
1984	Exorcising Ghosts	45	—	BPI: Gold[25]
1989	Souvenir from Japan	—	—
1991	The Other Side of Japan	—	—
1994	Best Selection	—	—
1996	Japan Is the Masterpiece, but New Too	—	—
	The Singles	—	—
	In Vogue	—	—
1997	The Masters	—	—
1998	The Best of Japan (Eternal Best)	—	—
2000	The Collection	—	—
2002	The Best of Japan - Original Hits	—	—
	The Best of Japan	—	—
2006	The Very Best of Japan	—	—
2009	The Collection	—	—

Singles and EPs

Year	Single	UK
1978	"Don't Rain on My Parade"	—
	"The Unconventional"	—
	"Sometimes I Feel So Low"	—
1979	"Life in Tokyo"	—
1980	Special Edition Five Song EP	—
	"I Second That Emotion"	—
	Gentleman Take Polaroids EP	60
1981	"The Art of Parties"	48
	"Life in Tokyo"	—
	"Quiet Life"	19
	"Visions of China"	32
	"European Son"	31
1982	"Ghosts"	5
	"Cantonese Boy"	24
	"I Second That Emotion"	9
	"Life in Tokyo"	28
	"Nightporter"	29
1983	"All Tomorrow's Parties"	38
	"Canton" (live)	42
1991	"Blackwater" (Japan reformed as "Rain Tree Crow")	62

Videos and DVDs

• "Oil on Canvas" 1983 (VHS, Beta, LD) – live material filmed at the Hammersmith Odeon in 1982.
• "Instant Pictures" 1984 (VHS, Beta, LD) – promo videos and alternate versions of live tracks.
• "The Very Best of Japan" 2006 (DVD) – includes the Oil on Canvas concert and a collection of promo videos.

Remasters

In 2003, Virgin Records re-issued remastered editions of Gentlemen Take Polaroids, Tin Drum and Oil on Canvas. BMG followed suit next year, and re-issued Adolescent Sex, Obscure Alternatives, Quiet Life, and Assemblage. All of these re-releases came in the 'digipak' format, collecting many bonus tracks. In 2006 all were repackaged in jewel cases to allow sale at a lower price point.

The Tin Drum digipak re-issue was of particular interest as it was packaged in a cardboard box and contained a bonus 5-inch single The Art of Parties, which comprised The Art of Parties (12" single and live versions), Ghosts (single version) and Life Without Buildings (B-side to The Art of Parties single). The package also included a booklet with black-and-white photos of the band members.

Half-speed mastered 45 rpm double vinyl LP editions of Gentlemen Take Polaroids and Tin Drum were issued in August 2018. Both albums were remastered at Abbey Road Studios by Miles Showell, A single disc 33 rpm edition of both albums was also made available.[26] The albums entered the Official Vinyl Charts at nos.2 & 3 respectively in the first week of sales.[27]

See also

• Rain Tree Crow

References

1. Fisher, Mark. Ghosts of My Life: Writings on Depression, Hauntology and Lost Futures. Zero Books, May 30, 2014. 978-1-78099-226-6
2. Drozdowski, Ted (May 1998). "David Sylvian: The Loner Emerges". Musician. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
3. Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock (3rd ed.). Rough Guides. p. 264. ISBN 1-84353-105-4.
4. Lenig, Stuart (2010). The Twisted Tale of Glam Rock. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. p. 88.
5. Ankeny, Jason. "Japan | Biography | AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
6. Ohanesian, Liz. "Mick Karn, Bassist for Synth Heroes Japan and Peter Murphy's Dalis Car, Dead at 52". LA Weekly. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
7. History of Japan Nightporter.co.uk
8. Rimmer, Dave (October 1981). "Japanese Boys (an interview with David Sylvian and Mick Karn)". Smash Hits. Vol. 3 no. 22. EMAP Metro. pp. 42–43.
9. Ola's Kool Kitchen with interview of Robert Dean from Japan, from the Internet Archive
10. Martin Power David Sylvian: The Last Romantic Omnibus Press 2012, chapter 1
11. Martin Power David Sylvian: The Last Romantic Omnibus Press 2012, chapter 2
12. Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. pp. 496–498. ISBN 1-84195-017-3.
13. Burnett, Joseph. "Thirty Years On: Japan's Oil On Canvas Revisited". The Quietus. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
14. Martin Power David Sylvian: The Last Romantic Omnibus Press 2012, chapter 3
15. "Rolling Stone Random Notes", The Tuscaloosa News, Tuscaloosa, AL, p. 6, 17 July 1981
16. Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 279. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
17. "The Japanese Connection". Japan: Life in Tokyo. July 1982. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
18. Japan Official Chart History Official charts
19. Meikle, James (5 January 2011). "Former Japan bass player Mick Karn loses battle with cancer". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
20. Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 153. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
21. Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005. Roppongi, Tokyo: Oricon Entertainment. 2006. ISBN 4-87131-077-9.
22. "dutchcharts.nl – Discographie Japan" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
23. "norwegiancharts.com – Discography Japan". Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
24. "swedishcharts.com – Discography Japan" (in Swedish). Hung Medien. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
25. "Certified Awards". British Phonographic Industry. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013.
26. "Japan half-speed mastered vinyl sets". superdeluxeedition.com. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
27. "Official Vinyl Albums Chart Top 40 31 August 2018 - 06 September 2018". officialcharts.com. Retrieved 4 September 2018.