Jacques Louis Randon

Jacques Louis César Alexandre Randon, 1st Count Randon (25 March 1795 – 16 January 1871) was a French military and political leader, also Marshal of France and governor of Algeria.

Jacques Louis Randon
Born25 March 1795
Grenoble, France
Died16 January 1871 (aged 75)
Geneva, Switzerland
AllegianceFrance
Service/branchFrench Army
RankGénéral de division
Battles/warsNapoleonic Wars
Franco-Austrian War
AwardsMarshal of France
Grand Croix of the Legion of Honor
Other workMinister of War

Early life

He was born at Grenoble[1] in Dauphiné, of a Protestant family. Later in life he converted to Catholicism, under the influence of his second wife. He was a nephew of General Jean-Gabriel, Count Marchand, the husband of an aunt. Revolutionary Antoine-Joseph Barnave was a first cousin of his mother.

He enlisted in the French Army at sixteen, joined his uncle Marchand in Warsaw and was promoted to sergeant on 11 April 1812. He took part in the Russian Campaign, the taking of Moscow and the retreat back. He then fought in Napoleon's campaigns in Germany and France, notably at the battles of Lützen, Bautzen and Leipzig.[2]

Middle life

He was Minister of War from January to October 1851, after which he was appointed Governor-General of Algerie (11 December 1851 to 31 August 1858). Although initially not in favour of the coup of December 1851, he finally rallied the Second French Empire. He was made a Count in 1852 (by reversion of the title of his uncle General Marchand), and Marshal of France in 1856, at the same time as Canrobert and Bosquet. He served again as Minister of War from 1859 to 1867.[3]

Later life
Arrival of Marshal Randon in Algiers in 1857

He received no command during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, because of his high age. He was nevertheless accused to have a part of responsibility in French defeat for having neglected to prepare for it during his second ministry and for having dissuaded Napoleon III of acting in favour of Austria at the time of the Battle of Sadova in 1866. Modern research has shown that the latter accusation is unfounded and that, quite contrarily, Randon had advocated an immediate action against Prussia.

He died on 16 January 1871 in Geneva, leaving only one surviving daughter.

The Marshal's first wife, Clotilde Périer, was a sister of Casimir Périer, who had been President of the Council during the July Monarchy and the grandfather of Jean Casimir-Périer, President of the French Republic.[4] Marshal Randon later remarried to Zénaïde Suin.

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References
  1. Walford, Edward (1862). Men of the Time: A Biographical Dictionary of Eniment Living Characters (including Women). Routledge Warne. p. 640.
  2. Gooch, Brison Dowling (1954). French leadership in the Crimean War. University of Wisconsin--Madison. p. 57.
  3. Abi-Mershed, Osama (10 May 2010). Apostles of Modernity: Saint-Simonians and the Civilizing Mission in Algeria. Stanford University Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-8047-7472-7.
  4. Grenoble, Académie delphinale (1988). Bulletin (in French). p. 37.
Preceded by
Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély		 Minister of War
24 January 1851 – 26 October 1851		 Succeeded by
Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud
Preceded by
Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant		 Minister of War
5 May 1859 – 20 January 1867		 Succeeded by
Adolphe Niel
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