Jacquemart Island

Jacquemart Island, one of the islets surrounding Campbell Island in New Zealand, lies 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Campbell Island and is the southernmost island of New Zealand.

Jacquemart Island
Jacquemart Island in the distance
Geography
Coordinates52°37′10″S 169°07′33″E
ArchipelagoCampbell Island group
Area19 ha (47 acres)
Length0.75 km (0.466 mi)
Width0.5 km (0.31 mi)
Highest elevation229 m (751 ft)[1]
Administration
New Zealand
Demographics
PopulationUninhabited

The name commemorates Captain J. Jacquemart, of the vessel FRWS Vire, that supported the French 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island.[2]

While Jacquemart Island belongs indisputably to New Zealand, New Zealand also claims territory in Antarctica which stretches to the South Pole. Like other Antarctic territorial claims, New Zealand's jurisdiction over the Ross Dependency is not recognised by most nations.

Geography

Jacquemart Island consists of a stack with an area of 19 ha (47 acres), being about 750 m (2,461 ft) in length by 500 m (1,640 ft) in width and surrounded by precipitous cliffs at least 30 m (98 ft) high at their lowest. Its highest point is about 200 m (656 ft) asl. It is an eroded remnant of basaltic lavas originally laid down on a sedimentary base.

Because of its inaccessibility from the sea, the first visit by humans to the island did not take place until 29 December 1980 when a small party of scientists was landed by helicopter on the summit ridge for a 90-minute survey. Subsequent short visits were made in 1984 and 1997.[3][4]

Flora and fauna

Much of the area of the island above the cliffs is covered with tussock grassland on a substratum of peat undermined with petrel burrows. The environment includes herbfield communities, rock and ledge communities, as well as lichens and cushion plants.[3]

Birds recorded as breeding on Jacquemart include the sooty shearwater, northern giant petrel, grey-backed storm-petrel, light-mantled sooty albatross, brown skua and Campbell shag. Other seabirds which may breed there are common diving-petrel and Cape petrel. Australasian pipits and common starlings have been seen.[5] A species of cave weta has also been recorded from the island, as well as the Campbell Island leaf-veined slug.[3]

The island is part of the Campbell Island group Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for several species of seabirds as well as the endemic Campbell teal and Campbell snipe.[6]

Campbell snipe

Until the Campbell Islands were cleared of introduced rats in 2001, Jacquemart was also the last refuge of the Campbell snipe, a subspecies of Subantarctic snipe first discovered in 1997 and described in 2009. After the eradication of rats the snipe began to recolonise the rest of the group, with a small breeding population discovered in 2005 on southern Campbell Island opposite Jacquemart.[4][7]

gollark: Oh, you want to just do normal selective breeding? Sad.
gollark: 1. collect fruit flies2. ??? CRISPR ???4. profit
gollark: Socialism is a monoid in the category of endofunctors, actually.
gollark: Arguably, you're not really helping by helping propagate a big politically motivated data leak then.
gollark: I don't think that's a very good state of affairs.

See also

References
  1. "Campbell Island Bicentennial Expedition". 50° South Trust. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  2. Tobin, William. "The French Expedition to Campbell Island in 1874". Transit of Venus website. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Adapted from I.S. Kerr -"Campbell Island: A History" (A.H. & A.W. Reed, Wellington, 1976)
  3. Foggo, M.N.; & Meurk, Colin D. (1981). Notes on a visit to Jacquemart Island in the Campbell Island Group. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 4: 29–32.
  4. Barker, David; Carroll, Jeremy W.A.; Edmonds, Hannah K.; Fraser, James R. & Miskelly, Colin M. (2005), "Discovery of a previously unknown Coenocorypha snipe in the Campbell Island group, New Zealand subantarctic" (PDF), Notornis, 52 (3): 143–149, retrieved 6 March 2016
  5. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 1–4. New Zealand Ecological Society. 1978. p. 31. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  6. BirdLife International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Campbell Island (and outliers). Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 22 January 2012.
  7. New Zealand Biodiversity media release – 20 January 2006
  • Map of Campbell Island with several surrounding islets, including Jacquemart Island lying south of the main island and Dent island lying northwest of the main island
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