Isabella Burns

Isabella Burns (Isabella Begg) (1771–1858) or Isobel Burns (Isobel Begg) was the youngest sister of the poet Robert Burns, born to William Burness and Agnes Broun at Mount Oliphant Farm on the 27 June 1771 and christened on 2 July 1771 by Rev. William McGill, a friend of her father.[1][2]. When she died she was the last member of Robert Burns's immediate family and when living at Bridge House in Alloway for the last sixteen years of her life she entertained many visitors who were interested in his life and works. She was the source of many published insights into Burns' life, character and loves. Her siblings knew her as 'Isbal'.[3]

Isabella Burns
Isabella at the age of 77
Born	(1771-06-27)27 June 1771 Mount Oliphant,
Died	4 December 1858(1858-12-04) (aged 87) Bridgehouse Cottage, Ayr
Occupation	Housewife, teacher

Life and background

When at Lochlea, Robert Chambers records from her own words "Her main occupation was one suited to her tender years – that of tending the cattle in the field. Her father would often visit her, sit down by her side, and tell her the names of the various grasses and wild flowers, as if to lose no opportunity of imparting instruction. When it thundered she was sure he would come to her, because he knew that on such occasions she was apt to suffer from terror."[4]

She recalled that her mother sand sweetly and had a great fund of ballads and songs, this being a significant influence on Robert. She also emphasised how considerate and supportive she was to her husband.[5]

Alloway 'Auld' Kirk ruins.

After her father's death the family moved to Mossgiel Farm where she lived and worked for nine years.[6]

Gilbert and Isabella are regarded as being very articulate and having a literacy propensity far above the average.[7] John Wilson of Tarbolton of Dr Hornbook fame was her teacher for a brief period.[8]

Robert Bowie from Stewarton became a merchant in Kilmarnock and for some time he courted Isabella however nothing came of it and he never married.[9]

The Begg family moved to Dinning Farm in Closeburn Parish, Nithsdale in 1800, after Gilbert Burns moved from there to Morham Mains in East Lothian. In 1810 the lease expired and John Begg became the land steward for Mr James Hope Vere MP on his estate at Blackwood in Lanarkshire.[10][11]

On 24 April 1813, after nearly three years at Blackwood, John met his death when his horse reared and fell on him, crushing him to death. He was returning from his regular trip to Lesmahagow market on a horse that he had been asked to ride because it had become fractious due to lack of exercise.[12] Isabella was left a widow with nine children with ages from three to eighteen.

Robert Burns Begg wrote the 'Memoir of Isobel Begg'.

For a while Mr James Hope Vere paid her a small annual grant however to make ends meet she opened a dame's school in Kirkmuirhill which she ran for four years.[13] William had qualified for the University of Edinburgh to study for medicine however lack of funds forced him to enter the teaching profession and after working at Dalmeny Academy he became the parish schoolmaster at Ormiston in East Lothian.[14] The whole family moved to Ormiston where Isabella again ran a school. She later moved to nearby Tranent when William resigned his post and supported her family with the help of Agnes and Isabella, working as dressmakers.[1][15][16] William had emigrated in 1834 and Jane died in July 1822,[17] followed by Edward in March 1824.[18]

Isabella Burns

Robert Burns Begg, her son, was able to obtain an annuity for his mother which she benefitted from for a number of years, relinquishing it when her circumstances improved.[19]

In 1842 Robert Chambers and others secured an income for Isabella, Queen Victoria granting her a pension.[20] in 1843 Dr Chambers also acquired for he the lifetime use of a picturesque cottage on the Belleisle estate on banks of the River Doon.[21]

In 1843 the family moved back to Ayrshire and in her final years she lived at Bridge House, Alloway in a small thatched cottage where she died aged eighty-five in 1858.[1] The house no longer stands having been demolished in the 1890s. It was located quite near to the main entrance to Belleisle House and was named after the bridge over the Slaphouse Burn.[22]

In 1846 Isabella and her daughters met the Abolitionist leader Frederick Douglass who had been inspired by Robert Burns and made a special visit to Alloway and recorded the warmth of his welcome in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.[23]

Family

As stated, at the age of 22 Isabella married John Begg at Mossgiel Farm on 9 December 1793 and they lived there for seven years.[1] He was an orphan and had been raised by his uncle, a Mr Campbell of Roughdyke Farm in Sorn parish.[24] He is described as a quarrier in Mossgiel in the marriage register.[3]

Kinross

Isabella had nine children, three girls and six boys : William (1794–1864), Robert Burns (1798–1876), John (1796–1867), Agnes Brown (1800–1883), Gilbert Burns (1801–1885), Jane Breckenridge (1804–1822), Isabella (1806–1886), James Hope (1808–1840) and Edward Hamilton (1811–1824).[25][26][27]

William died in Canada after emigrating to America in 1834. Robert Burns on 24 July 1825 married Grace Beveridge in Kinross.[26] He had been a teacher at Dalmeny Academy and became the schoolmaster of Kinross parish and died aged 80 in the schoolhouse.[28] Agnes Brown and Isabella never married, both dying at Bridge House.

Gilbert Burns Begg was a Petty Officer in the Royal Navy, serving at Navarino and in the Crimea. James Hope Begg had been a baker's apprentice however he left and joined the 26th Regiment and served in India from 1829 to 1840 however he regiment were sent to China where he was killed on 2 November 1840.[27][29] John died at Kilmarnock on 11 April 1867. Her son Gilbert Burns Begg is buried in Pollokshaws in the Vennel or Kirk Lane Cemetery and her son John Begg is buried in the Glasgow Southern Necropolis.[30]

Her daughters Agnes and Isabella are buried next to their mother in the old kirkyard at Alloway.

Isabella kept in touch with Ann Park's illegitimate daughter Elizabeth 'Betty' Burns who had been brought up by Jean Armour and had married.[31] None of Robert Burns's letters to Isabella are known to survive.

Association with Robert Burns

Isabella was the source of many published insights into her brother's life and loves,[32] in particular she is the sole authority for Burns's first love being Nelly Kilpatrick although she was only around three years of age at the time[33] and up until then Nelly Blair had been the accepted name of the lady concerned.[34] Isabella identified 'Montgomerie's Peggy' as the housekeeper at Coilsfield House. She may have been 'Highland' Mary.[35] Isabella Steven was identified with O Tibbie, I hae seen the day by Isabella.[36] At times her recollections were manifestly wrong.[33]

Signature of Robert Burns Begg, Isabella's grandson.

Memorably Isabella was the one who described the deathbed scene of her father on 13 February 1784 when he advised ..to walk in Virtue's paths and to shun every vice and intimated that there was a member of his family whose future conduct he feared. Her brother Robert asked Oh, father, is it me you mean? His father said it was and Isabella recollected that he turned towards the window with tears streaming down his face and his chest heaving with barely suppressed emotion.[37]

Isabella's daughter of the same name wrote to Dr Chambers and informed him that it was her Uncle Gilbert and his sisters who were set against Robert marrying Elizabeth Paton.[38]

Isabella provided the name Alison Begbie, the lady who refused his marriage proposal, to the Burns biographer Robert Chambers when she herself was 76 years of age, recollecting events and details from when she was only 9 or 10 years old.[39] Research by the author James Mackay suggests that 'Elison Begbie' was more likely to be a confused recollection of the name Elizabeth Gebbie, a surname which does appear in the Galston parish register.

For the four years that Burns remained at Mossgiel Farm he would ask Isabella to sing through the words of the songs he was composing and Isabella also recalled secretly reading the poems that Robert would write on a slate in his room after his mid-day meal having composed them in his head in the morning. Robert may have become aware of this as he starting using a simple code in parts of his compositions.[40][41] Her brother died when she was twenty-five years old.

In the autumn of 1786, Isabella recalled the delivery of a letter that clearly caused Robert considerable distress and this is thought to be news of the death of 'Highland' Mary Campbell.[42]

Whilst at Lochlea Farm Robert wrote a story, The marriage of Robin Redbreast and Jenny Wren, for his young siblings which Isabella remembered and told to Dr Chambers in 1850/51. The story was published in Chamber's Nursery Rhymes of Scotland.[43]

The grave of Isabella and her daughters Isabella and Agnes in Alloway Auld Kirk.

On 10 June 1844 Isabella, now living in Ayrshire, was part of a family reunion in which her nephews Robert, William Nicol Burns and James Glencairn Burns met together on the banks of the Doon in what was a great public event with at least eighty thousand in attendance.[44][45]

A jotting-book used to record simple transactions by William Burness also had records by Robert and Isabella was in the habit of cutting out sections of the jotter for souvenir hunters who visited her at her Belleisle home.[46]

She recalled that Robert never gained any proficiency with the fiddle or the German flute.[47]

Robert Chambers donated the £300 profits from his 1851 four volume book The Life and Works of Robert Burns to Isabella's two daughters in order to secure their future financial security.[48]

In 1891 Robert Burns Begg, Isabella's grandson, privately published for the family a Memoir of Isobel Burns, signed and numbered by him. In 1894 this was reprinted for general circulation. It is not clear why her name was shortened to 'Isobel' as she signed her letters 'Isabella', however her family knew her as 'Isbal'.[3] The book was dedicated to his father and namesake, Robert Burns Begg.

In 1843 David Octavius Hill photographed her when she was seventy-two, the only one of Robert Burns' siblings to be so.[3]

At the age of seventy-seven a life-size half portrait of Isabella was painted in oil by William Taylor of Ayr, another having been painted earlier by William Bonnar of Edinburgh.[49]

One time Confederate President Jefferson Davis visited Alloway and the Misses Begg invited him to tea. Upon arrival he foud that they had put up his portrait in their cottage.[50]

See also

• Jean Armour
• Robert Burnes
• William Burnes
• Agnes Broun
• Elizabeth 'Betty' Burns

References

Notes

1. McQueen, Page 15
2. McQueen, Page 273
3. Purdie, Page 62
4. Begg, Page 19
5. Begg, Page 21
6. Begg, Page 23
7. Mackay, Page 65
8. Begg, Page 3
9. Mackay, Page 144
10. Begg, Page 27
11. Begg, Page 21
12. Begg, Page 28
13. Begg, Page 29
14. Begg, Page 29
15. Begg, Page 31
16. Begg, Page 66
17. Begg, Page 44
18. Begg, Page 46
19. Begg, Page 55
20. Begg, Page 66
21. Begg, Page 67
22. Boyle, Page 26
23. History Scotland
24. Begg, Page 26
25. Westwood (2008), Page 17
26. Westwood (2008), Page 35
27. Westwood (2008), Page 36
28. Begg, Page 30
29. Begg, Page 54
30. McQueen, Page 261
31. Begg, Page 37
32. Robert B. Begg, Page 76
33. Mackay, Page 52
34. McQueen, Page 156
35. McQueen, Page 275
36. McQueen, Page 281
37. Begg, Page 20
38. Hogg, Page 68
39. MacKay, Page 83
40. Mackay, Page 143
41. Begg, Page 24
42. Mackay, Page 208
43. Boyle, Page 27
44. McQueen, Page 30
45. Begg, Page 69
46. Mackay, Page 70
47. Mackay, Page 79
48. Begg, Page 76
49. Begg, Page 58
50. McGinn, Clark. Robert Burns and the American Civil War. Burns Chronicle. 2019. p. 56

Sources and further reading

1. Annandale, Charles (Editor) (1890). The Works of Robert Burns. London : Blackie & Son.
2. Begg, Robert Burns (1891). Memoir of Isobel Burns. Privately printed.
3. Boyle, A. M. (1996), The Ayrshire Book of Burns-Lore. Darvel : Alloway Publishing. ISBN 0-907526-71-3.
4. Dougall, Charles E. (1911). The Burns Country. London : Adam and Charles Black.
5. Douglas, William Scott (1938). The Kilmarnock Edition of the Poetical Works of Robert Burns. Glasgow : Scottish Daily Express.
6. Hogg, Patrick Scott (2008). Robert Burns. The Patriot Bard. Edinburgh : Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84596-412-2.
7. Hosie, Bronwen (2010). Robert Burns. Bard of Scotland. Glendaruel : Argyll Publishing. ISBN 978-1-906134-96-9.
8. Mackay, James. A Biography of Robert Burns. Edinburgh : Mainstream Publishing. ISBN 1-85158-462-5.
9. McQueen, Colin Hunter & Hunter, Douglas (2008). Hunter's Illustrated History of the Family, Friends and Contemporaries of Robert Burns. Published by Messrs Hunter Queen and Hunter. ISBN 978-0-9559732-0-8
10. Noble, Andrew and Hogg, Patrick Scott (Editors). (2001). The Canongate Burns. Edinburgh : Canongate Books Ltd. ISBN 1-84195-148-X
11. Purdie, David; McCue Kirsteen and Carruthers, Gerrard. (2013). Maurice Lindsay's The Burns Encyclopaedia. London : Robert Hale. ISBN 978-0-7090-9194-3.
12. Westwood, peter J. (1997). Genealogical Charts of the Family of Robert Burns. Kilmarnock : The Burns Federation.
13. Westwood, Peter J. (2004). The Definitive Illustrated Companion to Robert Burns. Scottish Museums Council.
14. Westwood, Peter J. (Editor). (2008). Who's Who in the World of Robert Burns. Robert Burns World Federation. ISBN 978-1-899316-98-4