Irreducible ring

In mathematics, especially in the field of ring theory, the term irreducible ring is used in a few different ways.

  • A (meet-)irreducible ring is one in which the intersection of two nonzero ideals is always nonzero.
  • A directly irreducible ring is ring which cannot be written as the direct sum of two nonzero rings.
  • A subdirectly irreducible ring is a ring with a unique, nonzero minimum two-sided ideal.

"Meet-irreducible" rings are referred to as "irreducible rings" in commutative algebra. This article adopts the term "meet-irreducible" in order to distinguish between the several types being discussed.

Meet-irreducible rings play an important part in commutative algebra, and directly irreducible and subdirectly irreducible rings play a role in the general theory of structure for rings. Subdirectly irreducible algebras have also found use in number theory.

This article follows the convention that rings have multiplicative identity, but are not necessarily commutative.

Definitions

The terms "meet-reducible", "directly reducible" and "subdirectly reducible" are used when a ring is not meet-irreducible, or not directly irreducible, or not subdirectly irreducible, respectively.

The following conditions are equivalent for a commutative ring R:

  • R is meet-irreducible;
  • the zero ideal in R is irreducible, i.e. the intersection of two non-zero ideals of A always is non-zero.

The following conditions are equivalent for a commutative ring R:

The following conditions are equivalent for a ring R:

The following conditions are equivalent for a ring R:

  • R is subdirectly irreducible;
  • when R is written as a subdirect product of rings, then one of the projections of R onto a ring in the subdirect product is an isomorphism;
  • The intersection of all nonzero ideals of R is nonzero.

Examples and properties

If R is subdirectly irreducible or meet-irreducible, then it is also directly irreducible, but the converses are not true.

  • All integral domains are meet-irreducible and subdirectly irreducible. In fact, a commutative ring is a domain if and only if it is both meet-irreducible and reduced.
  • The quotient ring Z/(4Z) is a ring which has all three senses of irreducibility, but it is not a domain. Its only proper ideal is (2Z)/(4Z), which is maximal, hence prime. The ideal is also minimal.
  • The direct product of two nonzero rings is never directly irreducible, and hence is never meet-irreducible or subdirectly irreducible. For example, in Z × Z the intersection of the non-zero ideals {0} × Z and Z × {0} is equal to the zero ideal {0} × {0}.
  • Commutative directly irreducible rings are connected rings; that is, their only idempotent elements are 0 and 1.

Generalizations

Commutative meet-irreducible rings play an elementary role in algebraic geometry, where this concept is generalized to the concept of an irreducible scheme.

gollark: Meanwhile, for some inexplicable reason, yours can get away with just cloning `_G` and overwriting `fs`, and then pesky stuff like `fs.complete` and `os.run` just use that.
gollark: PotatOS!
gollark: For some reason - probably the same reason your `load` does something else - I have to go around constructing a new environment from scratch, including running the BIOS.
gollark: Yes, because it does a bit more.
gollark: Basically, in *yours*, `load` accesses the inner sandbox layer, but it didn't in mine before, so I had to bodge in a patch to load.
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