International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (sometimes League of Nations Committee on Intellectual Cooperation) was an advisory organization for the League of Nations which aimed to promote international exchange between scientists, researchers, teachers, artists and intellectuals.[2][3][4][5] Established in 1922, it counted such figures as Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Nitobe Inazo, Marie Curie, Gonzague de Reynold and Robert A. Millikan among its members.[6][7][8] The Committee was the predecessor to UNESCO, and all of its properties were transferred to that organisation in 1946.

International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
1922–1946
StatusInternational organization
CapitalGeneva
Historical eraInterwar period
• Creation
1922
• Dissolution
1946
Succeeded by
UNESCO
ICIC Archives in Geneva[1]

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (Geneva)

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) was formally established in August 1922.[9] Having started out with 12 members, its membership later grew to 19 individuals, mostly from Wester Europe[10]. The first session was held on August 1, 1922, under the chairmanship of Henri Bergson. During its lifetime, the committee attracted a variety of prominent members, for instance Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Kristine Bonnevie, Jules Destrée, Robert Andrews Millikan, Alfredo Rocco, Paul Painlevé, Gonzague de Reynold, Jagadish Chandra Bose and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Einstein resigned in 1923, protesting publicly the committee's inefficacy; he rejoined in 1924 to mitigate the use German chauvinists made of his resignation.[11] The body was successively chaired by:

The CICI maintained a number of sub-committees (e.g. Museums, Arts and Letters, Intellectual Rights or Bibliography) which also worked with figures such as Béla Bartók, Thomas Mann, Salvador de Madariaga and Paul Valéry.

The CICI worked closely with the International Educational Cinematographic Institute created in Rome in 1928 by the Italian government under Mussolini.

The last session took place in 1939, but the CICI was only formally dissolved in 1946, like the League of Nations.

  • CICI Plenary session (date unknown, between 1924 and 1927).
  • Henri Bergson (CICI president) to Inazo Nitobe (International Bureaux Section director), 1924.[12]
  • CICI Plenary session 1939.
  • The Palais Wilson (Geneva), seat of the LoN and the CICI between 1922 and 1937.

The International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (Paris)
A side of the Palais-Royal (Paris), where the IIIC was installed in 1926.

In order to support the work of the commission in Geneva, the organization was offered assistance from France to establish an executive branch, the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC), in Paris in 1926. However, the IIIC had an autonomous status and was almost only financed by the French Government. It maintained relations with the League's member states, which established national commissions for intellectual cooperation and appointed delegates to represent their interests at the Institute in Paris. While being an international organisation, each of the IIIC's three successive directors was French:

  • Julien Luchaire (1926–1930)
  • Henri Bonnet (1931–1940)
  • Jean-Jacques Mayoux (1945–1946)

From 1926 to 1930, Alfred Zimmern – the well-known British classicist and a pioneering figure in the discipline of international relations – served as the IIIC's Deputy Director.

As a result of the Second World War, the Institute was closed from 1940 to 1944. It re-opened briefly from 1945 to 1946. When it closed for good in 1946, UNESCO inherited its archives and some parts of its mission.[13][14]

gollark: But they're hoarding their arbitrarily powerful computers and infinitely large RAM chips!
gollark: Just steal an arbitrarily powerful computer from the mathematicians and use bruteforce.
gollark: https://www.roguetemple.com/z/hyper/
gollark: > consoles
gollark: You simply type a command into the box and click "submit". Naturally you can't see the results, for security reasons and definitely not because that's just very hard.

References

General
  • Northedge, Frederick (1953). International Intellectual Co-operation Within the League of Nations: Its Conceptual Basis and Lessons for the Present. London: University of London.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Renoliet, Jean-Jacques (1999). L'UNESCO oubliée, la Société des Nations et la coopération intellectuelle (1919-1946) [The Forgotten UNESCO, the League of Nations and Intellectual Cooperation (1919-1946)] (in French). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. ISBN 978-2-85944-384-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Grandjean, Martin (2018). Les réseaux de la coopération intellectuelle. La Société des Nations comme actrice des échanges scientifiques et culturels dans l'entre-deux-guerres [The Networks of Intellectual Cooperation. The League of Nations as an Actor of the Scientific and Cultural Exchanges in the Inter-War Period (English summary)]. Lausanne: Université de Lausanne.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Specific

Notes
  1. League of Nations archives, United Nations Office in Geneva. With a network Visualization of the ICIC archives, showing thousands of documents exchanged between the plenary committee, its secretary, national commissions and experts. Grandjean, Martin (2014). "La connaissance est un réseau". Les Cahiers du Numérique. 10 (3): 37–54. doi:10.3166/lcn.10.3.37-54. (PDF), Grandjean, Martin (2015). "Introduction à la visualisation de données : l'analyse de réseau en histoire". Geschichte und Informatik. 18/19: 109–128.
  2. Shine 2018.
  3. Grandjean 2016b.
  4. Iriye 2002.
  5. Laqua 2011.
  6. Pernet 2014.
  7. Grandjean 2016a.
  8. Grandjean 2014b.
  9. Grandjean 2017.
  10. Grandjean 2020.
  11. Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions (New York: Bonanza/Crown, 1954), p. 84.
  12. LoN archives 1924, United Nations Offices in Geneva. Picture from this collection.
  13. "UNESCO Archives". Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  14. Renoliet 1999.
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