Inner Changshan Garrison Division

The Inner Changshan Fort District, former 78th Division, is a military formation of the People's Liberation Army.It's now a coastal defense formation of Jinan Military Region.

78th Division (1949-52)
78th Infantry Division (1952-54)
Changshan Fort District (1954-61)
Inner Changshan Fort District (1961-85)
Inner Changshan Garrison Division (1985-93)
Inner Changshan Fort District (1993-)
Active1949.2 - present
CountryPeople's Republic of China
BranchArmy
TypeInfantry, Garrison
SizeDivision
Part ofJinan Military Region
Garrison/HQChangdao, Shandong
EngagementsChinese Civil War, Korean War

78th Division(Chinese: 第78师) was created in February 1949 under the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on November 1, 1948,[1] basing on the 24th Division, 8th Column of Huadong Field Army. Its history could be traced to Security Brigade of Luzhong Military District, formed in July 1946.

The division was a part of 26th Corps. Under the flag of 78th the division took part in major battles during the Chinese Civil War.

In November 1950 the division entered Korea as a part of People's Volunteer Army. During its deployment in Korea, it took part in the Second, Fourth and Fifth Offensives in late 1950 and early 1951, consisting of the 232nd, 233rd, and the 234th Regiments.[2]

In June 1952 the division pulled out of Korea and renamed as 78th Infantry Division(Chinese: 步兵第78师). In October 1954, the division moved to Changdao and became Changshan Fort District(Chinese: 长山要塞区) of the People's Liberation Army Navy.

On May 4, 1960, the fort district was transferred to Jinan Military Region's control, and expanded to army corps level.

In March 1961 the district was renamed as Inner Changshan Fort District(Chinese: 内长山要塞区). From the 1960s to late-1970s, the Fort District was composed of:

  • 1st Garrison District, division-level, at Daqin Island;
  • 2nd Garrison District, division-level, at North Changshan Island;
  • 3rd Garrison District, division-level, at Penglai, Shandong;

From 1967 Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, Inner Changshan Fort District was activated. The regiment was completely equipped with SU-76s.

In 1976 2nd Garrison District was disbanded. Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment, Inner Changshan Fort District detached from the Fort District and became Tank Regiment 67th Army Corps. Soon after Tank Regiment, Inner Changshan Fort District was activated.

In 1980, 1st Garrison District was renamed as 6th Garrison Division of Jinan Military Region, and 3rd Garrison District was renamed as 7th Garrison Division of Jinan Military Region. The fort district was then composed of:

  • 6th Garrison Division of Jinan Military Region;
  • 7th Garrison Division of Jinan Military Region;
  • 29th Garrison Regiment;
  • 30th Garrison Regiment;
  • 31st Garrison Regiment;
  • Tank Regiment.

In 1985 the district was reduced to division level and renamed as Inner Changshan Garrison Division(Chinese: 内长山守备师). Both 6th and 7th Garrison Division were disbanded.

In February 1993 the division was renamed as Inner Changshan Fort District(Chinese: 内长山要塞区) again, now a division-level unit. The fort district is now composed of:

  • 1st Coastal Defense Regiment;
  • 2nd Coastal Defense Regiment;
  • 3rd Coastal Defense Regiment;
  • Shipping Group.

References
  1. 《中央军委关于统一全军组织及部队番号的规定》, http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7254c7350100xb56.html
  2. Mossman, Billy C. "Chapter 3, The Enemy". Ebb and Flow November 1950-July 1951. p. 55.
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