Ince and Mayhew

Ince and Mayhew were a partnership of furniture designers, upholsterers and cabinetmakers, founded and run by William Ince (1737–1804)[1] and John Mayhew (1736–1811) in London, from 1759 to 1803; Mayhew continued alone in business until 1809. Their premises were located in Marshall Street but were listed in London directories in Broad Street, Soho, 1763–83, and in Marshall Street, Carnaby Market, 1783–1809.[2] The partnership's volume of engraved designs, The Universal System of Household Furniture, dedicated to the Duke of Marlborough (published in parts, 1759–63), was issued in imitative rivalry with Thomas Chippendale;[3] Ince, who was a subscriber to the first edition of Chippendale's Director, was chiefly responsible for the designs, while Mayhew contributed the greater part of the partnership's capital, kept the accounts, and was in closer contact with the firm's clientele among the nobility and gentry.[4]

Sideboard by Ince and Mayhew, 1786

John Mayhew served as apprentice to William Smith Bradshaw, a prominent upholsterer, and William Ince served his time with John West, King Street, Covent Garden,[5] according to the advertisement the partners took out in the Public Advertiser 27 January 1759, as they set up in the former premises of Charles Smith. The following year Ince and Mayhew contributed some furniture designs to the joint production Household Furniture in Genteel Taste for the year 1760. By a Society of Upholsterers.

The notices to the designs of their Universal System are given in English and French, and the firm advertised "French furniture consigned from Paris";[6] Mayhew's name appears repeatedly in Christie's archives as purchaser of French furniture and gilt-bronze at auction.

An early neoclassical suite of six armchairs and a settee, to be covered in Gobelins tapestry, were provided to George Coventry, 6th Earl of Coventry for the Tapestry Room at Croome Court, Worcestershire (now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art)[7] The "Antique Elbow Chairs" were the first neoclassical chairs in Europe with oval backs. Ince and Mayhew were also among the first London furniture-makers to exploit marquetry decoration when it became fashionable once again in the 1760s: in 1765 they provided for Croome Court a pair of uncompromisingly rectangular commodes with richly engraved neoclassical marquetry of satinwood and holly.[8]

Ince and Mayhew provided furniture for a number of Robert Adam's other patrons: Sir John Whitwell at Audley End (1767), the Duchess of Northumberland (from 1771)[9] the Earl of Kerry (from 1771).[10] In 1775 they constructed, to Adam's numerous and detailed designs, the celebrated Kimbolton Cabinet inlaid with Florentine pietra dura plaques for the Duchess of Manchester (now at the Victoria and Albert Museum); Boulton and Fothergill supplied the gilt-bronze mounts.[11] For Lady Derby's Dressing Room at Derby House, London, they executed a demilune commode to Adam's design of October 1774, delivered in November 1775; it combined strongly contrasting richly engraved satinwood and harewood marquetry in an "Etruscan" taste with painted panels and gilt-bronze mounts; discovery of the commode enabled Hugh Roberts tentatively to identify a series of comparable demilune and serpentine-fronted marquetry commodes to the firm.[12] Furnishings were also provided for the Duchess of Devonshire's private apartment at Chatsworth.

Ince and Mayhew also provided furnishings for Humphry Sturt at Crichel House, Dorset, where James Wyatt was providing designs for the interiors[13] Their furniture for Warren Hastings at Daylesford House, Worcestershire, amounted to £2187[14]

The firm was prominent enough to be commissioned to vet Dominique Daguerre's bills for furnishing Carlton House, 1783–89, but none of their production for the Prince of Wales nor the royal family has been identified.

They provided furniture in 1802 for Hester Thrale Piozzi at Brynbella.[15] A suite of "Hepplewhite" chairs with the Prince of Wales's feathers in the backs were provided for the Westminster Fire Office (1792), where they remain.

The two partners married sisters, Isabella and Nancy Stephenson, in a double wedding at the fashionable church of St George's, Hanover Square on 20 February 1762.[16]

Notes

1. William Ince baptised 31 March 1737 in St Paul's, Covent Garden, London Source: Ingle, Sarah, William Ince Cabinet Maker Second Edition 2020
2. Sir Ambrose Heal, London Furniture Makers (1951).
3. Mayhew and Ince even employed the same engraver, Matthew Darly.
4. Patricia Kirkham, "The partnership of William Ince and John Mayhew", Furniture History, the journal of the Furniture History Society, vil. 10 (1974) pp56-60, establishes the partnership's roles from records in the Public Record Office.
5. West died in 1758; his successor was Samuel Norman, another prominent furniture-maker, who was briefly in partnership with Mayhew, (1758–59). (Sir Ambrose Heal, London Furniture-Makers 1953, sub "John West").
6. Edwards and Jourdain 1955:73.
7. James Parker, Decorative Art from the S. H. Kress Collection, 1964; Metropolitan Museum.
8. The commodes have been returned to Croome Court; the original cost was £40.(Coleridge 1968:66 and pl 119; Colin Streeter, "Marquetry Furniture by a Brilliant London Master" The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin New Series, 29.10, Part 1 [June 1971, pp. 418-429] p 428, fig 19.)
9. Streeter 1971:428 notes a reference in the Duchess's 1771-73 diary and a payment to Mayhew of £86 in February 1775.
10. Lindsay Boynton, "An Ince and Mayhew correspondence" Journal of the Furniture History Society (1966) pp 23-36.
11. Nicholas Goodison, Ormolu: The Work of Matthew Boulton (1974), pp 133-35.
12. Hugh Roberts, "The Derby House Commode", The Burlington Magazine 127 No. 986 (May 1985), pp. 275-283.
13. John Cornforth notes payments to Mayhew (£31, May 1768), Ince (£109, June 1776), Ince and Mayhew (£100, June 1778), Ince (£70, March 1780) (Cornforth, "The Building of Crichel" Architectural History 27, Design and Practice in British Architecture: Studies in Architectural History Presented to Howard Colvin [1984], pp. 268-269).
14. Lindsay Boynton, 'The Furniture of Warren Hastings" The Burlington Magazine 112 No. 809, ("British Art in the Eighteenth Century. Dedicated to Professor E. K. Waterhouse" August 1970), pp. 508-520 illustrates some satinwood pieces.
15. Edwards and Jourdain 1955.
16. Ingle,Sarah, William Ince Cabinet Maker Second Edition 2020

References

• Edwards, Ralph, and Margaret Jourdain, Georgian Cabinet-Makers 1955.
• Coleridge, Anthony. Chippendale Furniture (1968), pp 62–68.

External links

• (Lady Lever Art Gallery, Liverpool) Marquetry commode by Mayhew and Ince
• (Kimbolton cabinet at the V&A)
• incemayhew.net Website devoted to the lives of William Ince and John Mayhew, the history of the firm, including the court case that ended the partnership and a collection of images of their furniture, plus...