Immortal Draw

The Immortal Draw is a chess game played in 1872 in Vienna by Carl Hamppe and Philipp Meitner. This game is the main claim to fame of both Hamppe and Meitner, and has been reprinted widely. The variation of the Vienna Game it uses was named the Hamppe–Meitner Variation in honour of the two players.[1] The game was played in the 19th-century Romantic style, in which rapid development and attack were considered the most effective way to win, where many gambits and countergambits were offered (and not accepting them was considered slightly ungentlemanly), and where material was often held in contempt. These games, with their rapid attacks and counterattacks, are often entertaining to review even if some of the moves would no longer be considered best by today's standards.

In the game, Black sacrifices huge amounts of material to drive the white king from its back rank and attempt to force checkmate, but White spectacularly manages to force a draw by perpetual check.


Annotated game

White: Carl Hamppe   Black: Philipp Meitner   Opening: Vienna Game (ECO C25)

1. e4 e5 2. Nc3

The Vienna Game, an opening which Hamppe made major contributions to, giving his name to two variations in the Vienna Gambit.

2... Bc5

2...Nf6 is more usual. The move played is offbeat but playable.

3. Na4?!

Better would be 3.Nf3! d6 4.d4 and White has a slight advantage. The move is premature; although many lines of the Vienna have White trying to obtain the bishop pair with this move, the bishop can still retreat to e7, and the knight is not ideally placed at a4.[2]

3... Bxf2+!?

The quiet 3...Be7 is less risky, but the text move is better. A bishop sacrifice is commonly seen in reply to an early knight attack in various lines, including this one.[2]

4. Kxf2

Forced.

4... Qh4+ 5. Ke3

Forced.

5... Qf4+ 6. Kd3 d5 7. Kc3!

Although 7.Qe1 is usually given as a refutation of this line, with 7...dxe4+? 8.Kc3 e3?! 9.Kb3! Be6+ 10.Ka3 where Black has nothing left, Black need not play 7...dxe4+?, and in fact better is 7...Nf6! (Schiller's move) 8.g3! dxe4+ 9.Kc3 Qg4 10.Bh3 Nd5+ 11.Kb3 Nc6!! (11...Qg6!? is unclear) 12.Bxg4! Na5+ 13.Ka3 Nc4+ 14.Kb3 Na5+ with an equal position.[2]

7... Qxe4 8. Kb3

Perhaps better for White than this curious king move would be 8.d4!? exd4+ 9.Qxd4!! Qe1+ 10.Bd2! Qxa1 11.Nf3 Qxa2 (an alternative is 11...Nc6!? 12.Qxg7 Be6 13.Nc5! 0-0-0 14.Nxe6 fxe6 15.Qxh8 Qxa2 16.Bg5 where White has a large advantage) 12.Qxg7 Qxa4 13.Qxh8 d4+ 14.Nxd4 Qa5+ 15.Kb3 Qxd2 16.Qxg8+ Ke7 17.Qxc8 Qxd4 18.Bc4! and White has a winning advantage, but still must find several difficult moves.[2]

8... Na6

Threatening 9...Qb4#.

9. a3? (see diagram)

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Position after 9.a3?
This move is a crucial mistake, after which Black forces the draw in a breathtaking manner. White can win here more easily than at the previous move with 9.d4! exd4 10.Bxa6 bxa6 11.Nc5 or 9.c3! Bd7 10.Ka3 b5 11.d4 bxa4 12.Bxa6 Qxg2 13.Qf3! Qg6 14.Qxd5 Bc6 15.Bb5.[2]

9... Qxa4+!!

A spectacular queen sacrifice, preventing White from playing Nc3 and Ka2, after which Black has insufficient compensation for his material disadvantage. The move forces the draw that follows.[2]

10. Kxa4 Nc5+ 11. Kb4

11.Kb5 would still lead to a draw after 11...Ne7!! 12.Qh5! a5 13.Qxe5 Na6 14.Kxa5 Nb8+ 15.Kb4 Nbc6+ with equality, but 12. c4! d4 13. Kxc5 a5 14. Qa4+ (all moves after c4 are forced) allows the game to last longer. After 14. ...Kd8 or 14. ...Kf8 (Bd7? 15. Qxd7+ 1-0), White is forced to give back the queen through 15. Qxa5 Rxa5 16. Kb4. Black has a lead in development and a safer king but is down a bishop for two pawns giving strong practical chances for white.

11... a5+ 12. Kxc5

12.Kc3 has been suggested as a means to avoid the draw, but loses after 12...d4+ 13.Kc4 Be6+!! (13...b6? is unclear)[2] 14.Kxc5 Nf6! (threatening mate in three with 15...Nd7+ 16.Kb5 c6+ 17.Ka4 Nc5# or Nb6#) and White cannot avoid checkmate or material loss: 15.Bb5+ Ke7 (threatens 16...Ne4#) 16.Qf3 c6 (threatens 17...Nd7#) 17.Bxc6 (Qxf6+ gxf6 held out longer, though still hopeless) 17...Rhc8 (threatens 18...Nd7+ 19.Kb5 bxc6+ 20.Qxc6 and mate in five) 18.Kb6 bxc6 (threatens 19...Nd7+ 20.Kb7 Rab8+! 21.Ka6 Nc5+ 22.Kxa5 Rb5#) 19.Qxf6+ and mate in eight follows.
Every move in the game after 12.Kxc5 is forced.[2]

12... Ne7!

Threatens 13...b6+ with ...Bd7# to follow.[2]

13. Bb5+ Kd8 14. Bc6!!

The only move that avoids checkmate.[2]

14... b6+

Not 14...bxc6? and the white king can no longer be mated.

15. Kb5 Nxc6 16. Kxc6

Not 16.c3?? Nd4+! 17.cxd4 Bd7#.[2]

16... Bb7+! 17. Kb5!

Not 17.Kxb7?? Kd7! 18.Qg4+ Kd6! and 19...Rhb8# cannot be prevented.[2]

17... Ba6+ 18. Kc6

Not 18.Ka4?? Bc4! and 19...b5# cannot be prevented.[2]

18... Bb7+ ½–½

Draw by threefold repetition.[2]
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Final position after 18...Bb7+
gollark: There was a cool paper lately about converting MRI scans to visual input, which is quite impressive.
gollark: Oh yes, I DEFINITELY trust COMPUTERS with my BRAIN.
gollark: This has happened before.
gollark: I should probably look into chorded keyboards for no particular reason.
gollark: If it would make you feel happier, I can repurpose the spare phone thing I "obtained" from Zachary as a trackpad.

See also

References
  1. "Carl Hamppe vs. Philipp Meitner, Vienna 1872". Chessgames.com.
  2. Goeller, Michael. "The Hamppe–Meitner Motif". Kenilworth Chess Club. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
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