Ilanz

Ilanz (Romansh: Glion) is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. The former municipality Ilanz was congruent with the town Ilanz. On 1 January 1978 the former municipality of Strada merged into the new municipality of Ilanz. On 1 January 2014 the municipality of Ilanz and the surrounding municipalities Castrisch, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun and Siat merged into the new municipality of "Ilanz/Glion."[1]

Ilanz
Former municipality of Switzerland
Coat of arms
Location of Ilanz
Ilanz Show map of Switzerland Ilanz Show map of Canton of Graubünden
Coordinates: 46°46′N 9°12′E
Country	Switzerland
Canton	Graubünden
District	Surselva
Government
• Mayor	Gemeindepräsident/President (list) Aurelio Casanova (as of 2016)
Area
• Total	4.67 km^2 (1.80 sq mi)
Elevation (both churches)	699 m (2,293 ft)
Population  (2011)
• Total	2,327
• Density	500/km^2 (1,300/sq mi)
Postal code	7130
SFOS number	3574
Surrounded by	Castrisch, Flond, Luven, Rueun, Ruschein, Schluein, Schnaus, Sevgein
Website	www.ilanz.ch SFSO statistics

History

Ilanz is first mentioned in 765 as "Iliande."[2] Ilanz became the capital of the newly formed Grey League in 1395. The Grey League was the second of Three Leagues which eventually formed canton Graubünden. Johannes von Ilanz, the Abbott of Disentis, was among the three nobles instrumental in creating this "eternal alliance."

Ilanz has a special place in the history of the Protestant Reformation. In the 1520s, the Diet of Ilanz declared that citizens of the Three Leagues should be free to choose between Catholicism and the Protestant forms of Christianity then rising to the fore. The so-called “Ilanz Reformation” of 1526 resulted in another systemic shock to the Catholic Church (which had been under philosophical attack since Zurich in 1523, when Protestantism first rose to primacy in a major population center). These and other events resulted in a counter-reformation within the Swiss Confederation that reversed many of the gains of the Reformation in Switzerland.[3]

Geography

Ilanz 2007

Ilanz 1923, Photography by Walter Mittelholzer

The town Ilanz/Glion has a total area of 4.7 km² (1.8 sq mi).[4] Of this area, 24.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 50.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 18.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (5.7%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).[4]

It is located in the Ilanz sub-district of the Surselva district. It is the first town on the Rhine; the Rhine headwaters gather here to become the valley of the Vorderrhein.

Illanz/Glion is the market town for the surrounding area. It is also the nearest major town to the Weisse Arena ski resort situated just further up the valley. In Ilanz/Glion are the major train station, large supermarket and nearest hospital of the area.

The town is situated in a fork of the Surselva and the Vrin/Vals valley, which is split by Piz Mundaun. The neighbouring villages of Ruschein and Ladir are accessed from Ilanz/Glion, as well as Vrin, Vals and Obersaxen.

Demographics

Ilanz had a population (as of 2011) of 2,327.[5] As of 2008, 15.4% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[6] Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 0.8%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (59.3%), with Romansh being second most common (29.9%) and Serbo-Croatian being third (3.3%).[4]

As of 2000, the gender distribution of the population was 45.2% male and 54.8% female.[7] The age distribution, as of 2000, in Ilanz is; 247 children or 9.9% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 348 teenagers or 14.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 306 people or 12.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 378 people or 15.2% are between 30 and 39, 347 people or 13.9% are between 40 and 49, and 285 people or 11.5% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 208 people or 8.4% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 200 people or 8.0% are between 70 and 79, there are 138 people or 5.5% who are between 80 and 89 there are 31 people or 1.2% who are between 90 and 99.[6]

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 47.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (22.7%), the FDP (14.5%) and the SP (12.8%).[4]

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Ilanz about 67.3% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[4]

Ilanz has an unemployment rate of 1.44%. As of 2005, there were 24 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector. 550 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 39 businesses in this sector. 2,073 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 202 businesses in this sector.[4]

From the 2000 census, 1,577 or 63.4% are Roman Catholic, while 562 or 22.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 94 individuals (or about 3.78% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 19 individuals (or about 0.76% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 89 (or about 3.58% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 8 individuals (or about 0.32% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 76 (or about 3.05% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 63 individuals (or about 2.53% of the population) did not answer the question.[6]

The historical population is given in the following table:[2]

year	population
1835	574
1850	663^a
1900	981
1950	1,640
2000	2,488

^a Population includes Strada

Politics

Mayors of Ilanz (Stadtammann von Ilanz)

Term	Mayor	Lifespan	Party	Notes
1497–1498	Casper Franz
1975–1978	Donat Cadruvi	(1923–1998)
	Aurelio Casanova
2002–2005	Rino Caduff			First term
2005–2011	Martin Montalta		BDP
2011–2013	Rino Caduff			Second term. Last mayor of Ilanz

Weather

Ilanz has an average of 112.6 days of rain per year and on average receives 952 mm (37.5 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is August, during which time Ilanz receives an average of 102 mm (4.0 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 11.5, but with only 93 mm (3.7 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year is October with an average of 63 mm (2.5 in) of precipitation over 11.4 days.[8]

Heritage sites of national significance

The ruins of Grüneck Castle (Ruine Grüneck), destroyed before 1544, are visible today. A Carolingian hoard of two ornately decorated salt containers and coins was discovered in the ruins of the castle in 1811. One of the containers, which is made from antler and T-shaped, is now kept in the British Museum.[9]

Church of St. Martin

The Church of St. Margreta and the Church of St. Martin are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[10]

A hoard of forty gold coins, including nine Carolingian denier, known as the Ilanz Hoard was discovered here, They are kept at the Rätisches Museum in Chur.[11]

Notable people

• Donat Cadruvi (1923–1998) a Swiss lawyer, politician and Romansh-language writer. He was a member of the Swiss National Council 1963–1971 and Mayor of Ilanz 1975–1978
• Corina Casanova (born 1956 in Ilanz) the Federal Chancellor of Switzerland between 2008 and 2015
• Serafin Wiestner (born 1990 in Ilanz) a Swiss biathlete, he competed in the 2014 Winter Olympics

Sociology

American university professor Robert H. Billigmeier, spent his sabbaticals in Ilanz. Fluent in both German and Romansch, he was deeply interested in multiculturalism and authored several books to include the nationally acclaimed, Crisis in Swiss Pluralism, published in 1979. He was of German and Swiss origin with his maternal ancestry tracing back to Strada (now part of Ilanz/Glion).

References

1. "Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz: Historisiertes Gemeindeverzeichnis" (in German, French, and Italian). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 5 June 2007. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
2. Ilanz in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
3. Durant, Will; The Reformation, A History of European Civilization from Wyclif to Calvin: 1300-1564; New York; Simon & Schuster; 1957; pp.403–414.
4. Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 2016-01-05 at the Wayback Machine accessed 10-Nov-2009
5. Swiss Federal Statistical Office Archived 2016-01-05 at the Wayback Machine accessed 23 January 2014
6. Graubünden Population Statistics Archived 2009-08-27 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
7. Graubünden in Numbers Archived 2009-09-24 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 21 September 2009
8. "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 705 meters above sea level.
9. British Museum Collection
10. Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance Archived 2009-05-01 at the Wayback Machine; 21.11.2008 version, (in German) accessed 10 November 2009
11. Ernesto Bernareggi (1983). Carolingian Gold Coins from the Ilanz Hoard. Studies in Numismatic Method: Presented to Philip Grierson. Editor: C. N. L. Brooke. CUP Archive. pp. 127–136. ISBN 9780521225038.

External links

• Official website (in German)