Ian Wilmut

Sir Ian Wilmut, OBE FRS[4]FMedSci[3] FRSE[6] (born 7 July 1944)[1] is an English biologist, embryologist and Chair of the Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine[7] at the University of Edinburgh.[8] He is best known as the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal from an adult somatic cell, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly.[9][10][11][12] He was appointed OBE in 1999 for services to embryo development[13] and knighted in the 2008 New Year Honours.[14]

Sir Ian Wilmut
Born (1944-07-07) 7 July 1944[1][2]
Hampton Lucy, England
NationalityEnglish
CitizenshipBritish
Alma mater
Known forDolly the sheep
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsEmbryologist
InstitutionsThe Roslin Institute
University of Edinburgh
ThesisThe preservation of boar semen (1971)
Doctoral advisorChristopher Polge
Websitecrm.ed.ac.uk/research/group/redirecting-cell-fate

Early life and education

Wilmut was born in Hampton Lucy, Warwickshire, England.[15] Wilmut's father, Leonard Wilmut, was a mathematics teacher who suffered from diabetes for fifty years, which eventually caused him to become blind.[16] He was a student of the former Boys' High School, in Scarborough, where his father taught.[17] Wilmut's early desire was to embark on a naval career, but he was unable to do so due to his colour blindness.[18] As a school boy, Wilmut worked as a farm hand on weekends, which inspired him to study Agriculture at the University of Nottingham.[17][19]

In 1966, Wilmut spent 8 weeks working in the laboratory of Christopher Polge, who is credited with developing the technique of cryopreservation in 1949.[20] The following year Wilmut joined Polge's laboratory to undertake a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Cambridge from which he graduated in 1971 with a thesis on the semen cryopreservation.[21] During this time he was a postgraduate student at Darwin College, Cambridge.[1]

Career and research

Since his PhD, he has been involved in research focusing on gametes and embryogenesis, including working at the Roslin Institute.[17]

Wilmut was the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal, a lamb named Dolly.[11][12] Dolly died of a respiratory disease in 2003. However, in 2008 Wilmut announced that he would abandon the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer[22] by which Dolly was created in favour of an alternative technique developed by Shinya Yamanaka. This method has been used in mice to derive pluripotent stem cells from differentiated adult skin cells, thus circumventing the need to generate embryonic stem cells. Wilmut believes that this method holds greater potential for the treatment of degenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and to treat stroke and heart attack patients.[23]

"Dolly was a bonus, sometimes when scientists work hard, they also get lucky, and that's what happened."[24]

Ian Wilmut, quoted in Time

Wilmut led the team that created Dolly, but in 2006 admitted his colleague Keith Campbell[25] deserved "66 per cent" of the invention that made Dolly's birth possible, and that the statement "I did not create Dolly" was accurate.[26] His supervisory role is consistent with the post of principal investigator held by Wilmut at the time of Dolly's creation.

Wilmut is an Emeritus Professor at the Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine[27] at the University of Edinburgh and in 2008 was knighted in the New Year Honours for services to science.[18]

In 2006 his book After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning was published,[28] co-authored with Roger Highfield.

Awards and honours

In 1998 he received the Lord Lloyd of Kilgerran Award[29] and the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.[30] Wilmut was appointed Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1999[1] and a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2002.[4] He is also an elected Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1999[3] and Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He was elected an EMBO Member in 2003.[5]

In 1997 Wilmut was Time magazine man of the year runner up.[24] He was knighted in the 2008 New Year Honours.[1]

gollark: I'm just going to add a hard cap of 20... somethings... executing at once.
gollark: Fun fact: the new version does *not* handle it better.
gollark: I spammed it with a few thousand requests in a few seconds, and:- in the old version it just ignored two increments at once (node.js has a weird single-threaded event loop model...) (the ignoring did come with extra disk/CPU load though)- the version I took down would basically just spin for ages as all the transactions were queued- the new version should have a longer delay and work less badly
gollark: Good enough. Turning it back on.
gollark: It's under maintenence.

References
  1. "WILMUT, Sir Ian". Who's Who. ukwhoswho.com. 1999 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. (subscription or UK public library membership required) (subscription required)
  2. Anon (2006). "Ian Wilmut: World of Genetics". Gale. Gale Document Number: GALE|K2433100254. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
  3. Anon (1999). "Ian Wilmut FMedSci". acdmedsci.ac.uk. London: Academy of Medical Sciences.
  4. Anon (2002). "Sir Ian Wilmut OBE FMedSci FRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  5. Anon (2003). "EMBO Profile: Ian Wilmut". people.embo.org. Heidelberg: European Molecular Biology Organization.
  6. "Professor Sir Ian Wilmut FRS FMedSci FRSE | Royal Society". Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  7. "Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine". Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  8. "Redirecting Cell Fate, Group leader: Ian Wilmut FRS, FRSE". Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  9. Campbell, K. H. S.; McWhir, J.; Ritchie, W. A.; Wilmut, I. (1996). "Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line". Nature. 380 (6569): 64–66. Bibcode:1996Natur.380...64C. doi:10.1038/380064a0. PMID 8598906.
  10. Schnieke, A. E.; Kind, A. J.; Ritchie, W. A.; Mycock, K.; Scott, A. R.; Ritchie, M.; Wilmut, I.; Colman, A.; Campbell, K. H. (1997). "Human Factor IX Transgenic Sheep Produced by Transfer of Nuclei from Transfected Fetal Fibroblasts". Science. 278 (5346): 2130–2133. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.2130S. doi:10.1126/science.278.5346.2130. PMID 9405350.
  11. "The Third Culture: Ian Wilmut". Edge.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  12. Giles, J.; Knight, J. (2003). "Dolly's death leaves researchers woolly on clone ageing issue". Nature. 421 (6925): 776. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..776G. doi:10.1038/421776a. PMID 12594470.
  13. "Times Higher Education: Queen's Birthday Honours". Times Higher Education. 18 June 1999. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  14. "Dolly creator heads Scots honours". BBC News. 29 December 2007. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  15. "Biographical Notes". The Shaw Prize. 9 September 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  16. "Autobiography of Sir Ian Wilmut". The Shaw Prize. 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  17. "Dolly the sheep creator knighted". BBC. 29 December 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2007.
  18. "Ian Wilmut Interview: Pioneer of Cloning". Academy of Achievement. 23 May 1998. Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  19. Rall, W. (2007). "Ernest John Christopher Polge FRS (1926–2006)". Cryobiology. 54 (3): 241–242. doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.04.001.
  20. Wilmut, Ian (1971). The preservation of boar semen (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 500590369.
  21. Wilmut, I.; Beaujean, N.; De Sousa, P. A.; Dinnyes, A.; King, T. J.; Paterson, L. A.; Wells, D. N.; Young, L. E. (2002). "Somatic cell nuclear transfer". Nature. 419 (6709): 583–586. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..583W. doi:10.1038/nature01079. PMID 12374931.
  22. Highfield, Roger (16 November 2007). "Dolly creator Prof Ian Wilmut shuns cloning". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 2 December 2007. Retrieved 11 December 2007.
  23. Nash, Madeleine (29 December 1997). "Dr Ian Wilmut...and Dolly". Time. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  24. Wilmut, I. (2012). "Keith Campbell (1954–2012)". Science. 338 (6114): 1553. Bibcode:2012Sci...338.1553W. doi:10.1126/science.1233495. PMID 23258883.
  25. Cramb, Auslan (8 March 2006). "I didn't clone Dolly the sheep says prof". The Telegraph. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
  26. "MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine".
  27. After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning ISBN 0316724696
  28. "Foundation News" (PDF). Technology Innovation and Society (Winter 1998): 14. 1998.
  29. "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement.


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