I Gusti Ngurah Rai

Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai (30 January 1917 – 20 November 1946) was an Indonesian National Hero who commanded Indonesian forces in Bali against the Dutch during the Indonesian War of Independence. He was killed in the Battle of Margarana.[1][2]

I Gusti Ngurah Rai
Birth nameI Gusti Ngurah Rai
Born(1917-01-30)30 January 1917
Badung Regency, Bali, Dutch East Indies
Died20 November 1946(1946-11-20) (aged 29)
Marga, Bali, Indonesia
Allegiance Indonesia
Service/branch Indonesian Army
Years of service1938-1946
RankLieutenant Colonel
Battles/warsBattle of Margaran
AwardsNational Hero of Indonesia

Early life

Ngurah Rai was born in Carangsari, Badung Regency, Bali on 30 January 1917. He studied at a Dutch elementary school named HIS Denpasar[3], then went to MULO junior high school in Malang, East Java.[3] He then received Dutch military training at the Military Cadet School in Gianyar, Bali and Magelang, Central Java. After graduating, he joined the Dutch-sponsored military as a second lieutenant in Bali.[2][4]After that he study at Corps Opleiding Voor Reserve Officieren (CORO), Magelang and pendidikan artileri,Malang[3]

Military career
I Gusti Ngurah Rai featured on the 50,000-rupiah banknote issued by Bank Indonesia.
The political divisions among kingdoms of Bali during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945-49)

After the Indonesian Declaration of Independence he established the People's Security Army, the forerunner of the military of Indonesia, for the Lesser Sunda Islands. He then left for the republican capital, Yogyakarta to receive orders before returning to Bali to oppose the approximately 2,000 Dutch troops who had landed on 2 and 3 March 1946.[4]

Statue of I Gusti Ngurah Rai, Bali

Ngurah Rai found that the republican forces were divided and he worked hard to reunite them. He then organized the first attack against the Dutch forces headquarters at Tabanan. The Dutch then attempted to locate Nguraha Rai's base and offered negotiations, which he refused.

On 20 November 1946, the Dutch launched a large attack on Marga with the assistance of troops from Lombok and supported by aircraft. Lt. Col Ngurah Rai ordered a Puputan, or fight to the death. He died along with all of his troops. The battle is now known as the Battle of Margarana.[2]However, because Ngurah Rai's entire force was wiped out, including the military leadership, the Dutch forces were subsequently unopposed and were able to regain control of Bali. This may not have been possible had Ngurah Rai adopted a guerrilla strategy.[5]

Burial and national hero status

Ngurah Rai was buried in Marga. On 9 August 1975, he was made a national hero via Presidential Decision No. 063/TK/TH 1975.[2] Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali is named for him and he appears on the IDR50,000 note.

Notes
  1. Pringle (2004), p 161
  2. Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999) p89
  3. Pendidikan pancasila dan kewarganegaraan kelas 8. 2014. ISBN 978-602-282-960-7.
  4. Sudarmanto (1996) p205
  5. Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) p89
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gollark: This probably maybe implies that the real bottleneck is human processing.
gollark: Interestingly enough, despite different languages having a different syllable rate and information per syllable, they apparently all have about the same information transfer per second.
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gollark: Ugh, consume apioids.

References
  • Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
  • Mutiara Sumber Widya (publisher)(1999) Album Pahlawan Bangsa (Album of National Heroes), Jakarta (Indonesian)
  • Pringle, Robert (2004). Bali: Indonesia's Hindu Realm; A short history of. Short History of Asia Series. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86508-863-3.
  • Sudarmanto, Y.B. (1996) Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan dari Sultan Agung hingga Syekh Yusuf (The Footsteps of Heroes from Sultan Agung to Syekh Yusuf), Penerbit Grasindo, Jakarta ISBN 979-553-111-5 (Indonesian)
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