Cisco IOS XR

IOS XR is a train of Cisco Systems' widely deployed Internetworking Operating System (IOS), used on their high-end Network Converging System (NCS), carrier-grade routers such as the CRS series, 12000 series, and ASR9000 series.

"IOX" redirects here. For the remote sensing satellite package, see Ionospheric Occultation Experiment.
Line card running IOS XR.

Architecture

According to Cisco's product literature, IOS XR shares very little infrastructure with the other IOS trains, and is instead built upon a "preemptive, memory protected, multitasking, microkernel-based operating system".[1] The microkernel was formerly provided by QNX[2]; versions 6.0 onwards use the Wind River Linux distribution.[3]

IOS XR aims to provide the following advantages over the earlier IOS trains:

  • Improved high availability (largely through support for hardware redundancy and fault containment methods such as protected memory spaces for individual processes and process restartability)
  • Better scalability for large hardware configurations (through a distributed software infrastructure and a two-stage forwarding architecture)
  • A package based software distribution model (allowing optional features such as multicast routing and MPLS to be installed and removed while the router is in service)
  • The ability to install package upgrades and patches (potentially while the router remains in service)
  • A web-based GUI for system management (making use of a generic, XML management interface)

History

IOS XR was announced along with the CRS-1 in May 2004.[4] The first generally available version was 2.0. The most recent release is version 6.5.3[5] which was released in March 2019.

Other significant releases include the following.

  • 3.2 – first generally available version for the 12000 router series
  • 3.9 – first generally available version for the ASR9000 series
  • 5.0 (September 20, 2013) – first generally available version for the NCS6000 series, which is based upon a Linux kernel[6]
  • 6.1.1 - Introduces support for the 64-bit Linux-based IOS XR operating system on ASR9000 series [7]

Differences between IOS and IOS XR

Example BGP configuration for both IOS and IOS XR. More examples can be found in the Cisco document Converting Cisco IOS Configurations to Cisco IOS XR Configurations.[8]

! Cisco IOS
!
router bgp 109
  no synchronization
  bgp log-neighbor-changes
  neighbor 203.0.113.1 remote-as 109
  neighbor 203.0.113.1 update-source Loopback0
  no auto-summary
!
! Cisco IOS XR
!
router bgp 109
  neighbor 203.0.113.1
    remote-as 109
    update-source Loopback0
  !
!
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gollark: People eat nice-tasting food instead of nutrition paste.
gollark: We have buildings other than generic grey cubes, because despite beauty not really being a rational thing to care about in pursuit of common goals (other than just "happiness" or whatever), *people care*.
gollark: Many things are irrational, and yet people are still care about that.
gollark: You still didn't send me your browser history.

References
  1. "Products & Services". Cisco.
  2. QNX press release confirming use of their microkernel in IOS XR
  3. "Cisco IOS XR Software Release 6.0 Operational Enhancements Data Sheet". Cisco.
  4. "Cisco press release announcing CRS-1 and IOS XR". Archived from the original on March 9, 2005.
  5. Cisco's release notes, for the various IOS XR versions
  6. "Release Notes for Cisco NCS 6000 Series Routers, Release 5.0.0". Cisco.
  7. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/asr9000/software/asr9k_r6-1/general/release/notes/b-release-note-asr9k-612.html
  8. "Converting Cisco IOS Configurations to Cisco IOS XR Configurations" (PDF). cisco.com. Cisco Systems. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
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