Hypericum formosissimum

Hypericum formosissimum is a flowering plant in the genus Hypericum, in the section Adenosepalum, in the Hypericum huber-morathii group.

Hypericum formosissimum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Hypericaceae
Genus: Hypericum
Section: Hypericum sect. Adenosepalum
Species:
H. formosissimum
Binomial name
Hypericum formosissimum
Takht. 1940
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Hypericum formosum Takht.
  • H. humboldtii Schltdl.
  • H. humboldtii Schltdl. ex Steud.
  • H. maculatum Willd.
  • H. maculatum Willd. ex Steud.

Taxonomy

Hypericum formosissimum was first described in Zametki Sist. Geogr. Rast. (Notes on Systematics and Geography of Plants) in 1940 by Armen Takhtajan.[3] The species was actually omitted by error from Norman Robson's comprehensive monograph of the genus Hypericum in 1981 but was later accepted as a valid species of the genus.[4] The species is an extreme development of Adenosepalum and is confined to limestone rocks, a behavior shared with the other members of the huber-morathii group.[5]

Description

Hypericum formosissimum is a perennial herb that grows 3–10 cm (1.2–3.9 in) tall. It is glabrous (lacks hairs) and has numerous stems that are straggling and almost grow along the ground. The stems are slender, terete, brittle, and lack glands. The internodes are 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long, and most grow longer than the leaves. The leaves are 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) and are petiolate (with stems).They have 3–8 mm (0.12–0.31 in) long lamina which are broadly ovate or almost circular and are a bluish-green color. The leaves have 2 lateral pairs of veins that ascend from the lower portion of the midrib and are difficult to see. The glands on the leaves are pale and dense and the intramarginal glands are black and spaced out. The species is 1-5 flowered from terminal nodes without any flowering branches below. The pedicels that hold the flowers are 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in)long. The bracts are small and are black and denticulate. The flowers are 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) wide with rounded buds. The petals are a pale yellow and are 8 by 5 millimeters in size. The stamens number around 18-20, with the longest being around 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long. The seeds are brown and approximately 1–3 mm (0.039–0.118 in) long with linear-foveolate testa.[5]

The species flowers from June–July and fruits from July–August.[6]

Distribution and habitat

The species is native to Turkey in central Anatolia as well as the Transcaucasus region, especially in Armenia and Azerbaijan.[1] It is found in fissures of limestone rocks at elevations of 1,450–1,900 m (4,760–6,230 ft) above sea level.[5]

Ecology

H. formosissimum is an endangered species that occupies an area of less than 500 square kilometers. It was included in the Red Data Book of Armenia as a Rare Species (Category 2).[6]

Chemistry

Unlike other species in sect. Adenosepalum, H. formosissimum does not contain hypericin and pseudohypericin, but only pseudohypericin. The species contains about 0.05% content pseudohypericin.[7]

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References
  1. "Hypericum formosissimum Takht. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
  2. "Hypericum formosissimum Takht". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  3. Clusiaceae Hypericum formosissimum Takht. www.ipni.org. 9. Retrieved 2018-11-20.
  4. Crockett, Sara L.; Robson, Norman K. B. (2011). "Taxonomy and Chemotaxonomy of the Genus Hypericum". Med Aromat Plant Sci Biotechnol. 5 (1): 1–13. PMC 3364714. PMID 22662019.
  5. "Nomenclature | Hypericum online". hypericum.myspecies.info. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
  6. Takhtajan, A.L.; Avetisyan, V.E (1989). Red Data Book of Armenia. USSR.
  7. Kitanov, Gerassim M (2001). "Hypericin and pseudohypericin in some Hypericum species". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 29 (2): 171–178. doi:10.1016/s0305-1978(00)00032-6. ISSN 0305-1978. PMID 11106845.
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