Hymenocallis pimana

Hymenocallis pimana[1] is a member of the genus Hymenocallis, in the family Amaryllidaceae. Common name in English is Pima spider-lily; in Spanish it is cebollín. It is endemic to a small mountainous region in the Sierra Madre Occidental, straddling the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora. Many of the people of the region are of the indigenous group known as the Mountain Pima or Pima Bajo.[2]

Pima spider-lily
Hymenocallis pimana in Nabogame, Chihuahua
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Amaryllidoideae
Genus: Hymenocallis
Species:
H. pimana
Binomial name
Hymenocallis pimana
Laferr.

Type locale is the small village of Nabogame, approximately 18 km northwest of Yepáchic, Chihuahua and about 10 km east of the frontier with Sonora.[1] This is at elevation of approximately 1800 m (6000 ft).[3][4]

Ecology

The plant is locally abundant in the vicinity of the type locale. It grows in large colonies of hundreds of individuals, often near waterways and gulleys. This largely due to the nature of the large, green seeds which fall on the ground and germinate close to the parent plant without much dispersal.[1]

The large, showy flowers appear in June, at the beginning of the summer rainy season. Flowers are white and erect, with narrow perianth segments and a prominent corolla. Bulbs resemble small onion bulbs.[1]

Uses

The Pima peoples of the region report that these bulbs provided an emergency food source in years past, during famines that followed crop failures. They say that the bulbs were boiled in lye to remove toxic alkaloids before consumption. This is the only known instance of any people utilizing any member of this genus as food.[5]

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References
  1. Laferrière, Joseph E. 1990. Hymenocallis pimana (Amaryllidaceae): a new species from northwestern Mexico. Phytologia 68(4):255-259.
  2. Laferrière, Joseph E., Charles W. Weber and Edwin A. Kohlhepp. 1991a. Use and nutritional composition of some traditional Mountain Pima plant foods. Journal of Ethnobiology 11(1):93-114.
  3. Laferrière, Joseph E. 1994b. Vegetation and flora of the Mountain Pima village of Nabogame, Chihuahua, Mexico. Phytologia 77:102-140.
  4. Tropicos, photo of isotype at Missouri Botanical Garden
  5. Laferrière, Joseph E. 1998. Native detoxification of bulbs of Mountain Pima spider-lily (Hymenocallis pimana, Amaryllidaceae). Economic Botany 52(2):207-208.


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