Hwanghae Province

Hwanghae Province (Hwanghae-do [hwaŋ.ɦɛ.do], lit. "Yellow Sea province") was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon. Hwanghae was located in the northwest of Korea. The provincial capital was Haeju. The regional name for the province was Haeseo.

This article is about Hwanghae, the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon. For the hypothetical province claimed by South Korea, see Hwanghae Province (Republic of Korea).

"Hwanghae" redirects here. For Yellow Sea, see Yellow Sea.

Hwanghae Province
province of the Kingdom of Great Joseon
Korean transcription(s)
• Hangul	황해도
• Hanja	黃海道
• Revised Romanization	Hwanghae-do
• McCune–Reischauer	Hwanghae-do
Short name transcription(s)
• Hangul	황해
• Hanja	黃海
• Revised Romanization	Hwanghae
• McCune–Reischauer	Hwanghae
Country	Kingdom of Great Joseon
Region	Haesŏ
Capital	Haeju
Dialect	Hwanghae

History

In 1395, the province was organized as Punghae (Punghae-do; 풍해도; 豐海道). In 1417, the province was renamed Hwanghae. The name derived from the names of the two principal cities of Hwangju (황주; 黃州) and Haeju (해주; 海州).

In 1895, the province was reorganized into the Districts of Haeju (Haeju-bu; 해주부; 海州府) in the west and Gaeseong (Gaeseong-bu; 개성부; 開城府) in the east, but in 1896, a new system of thirteen provinces was established, and Hwanghae Province was reconstituted.

In 1945, Korea was divided into Soviet and American zones of occupation, north and south respectively of the 38th parallel. The southernmost part of Hwanghae (around the towns of Ongjin and Yonan County) was cut off from the rest of the province by the dividing line and joined Gyeonggi Province in the southern half of the country. In 1948, Hwanghae and Gyeonggi Provinces became parts of the new countries of North and South Korea respectively.

In 1953, at the end of the Korean War, the Northern Limit Line was established, which marked the maritime boundary between North and South Korea. The line runs between the mainland portion of Gyeonggi Province that had been part of Hwanghae before 1945, and the adjacent offshore islands (the largest of which is Baengnyeongdo). As a result, the mainland portion reverted to North Korean control, while the islands remained a part of South Korea. (Since 1999, North Korea has claimed a more southerly Maritime Military Demarcation Line, which would make the islands a part of North Korea as well. Disputes between North and South Korean naval vessels often occur in this area.)

In 1954, North Korea's Hwanghae Province was divided into North and South Hwanghae Provinces.

Geography

Hwanghae was bounded by Pyeongan Province (after 1896 South Pyeongan) on the north, Gangwon Province on the east, Gyeonggi Province on the south, and the Yellow Sea on the west.

External links

• Seoul City history article on Hanseong and 22 other late 19th-century districts (in Korean)