Hurricane Olaf (2003)

Hurricane Olaf was a minimal hurricane that impacted Mexico in October 2003. A tropical wave became better organized on October 2 to the south-southeast of Acapulco and developed into a depression the next day. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Olaf six hours after forming. Continued intensification occurred, and Olaf reached its peak strength as a Category 1 hurricane with 75 mph (120 km/h) winds on October 5 and developed a partial eyewall. The storm soon became disorganized and was only a hurricane for six hours, before re-curving towards the Mexican coast. The cyclone made landfall near Manzanillo, Colima, on October 7 and soon dissipated overland. The storm caused severe flooding in the states of Jalisco and Guanajuato. However, no fatalities were reported.

Hurricane Olaf
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
Tropical Storm Olaf approaching Mexico on October 6
FormedOctober 3, 2003
DissipatedOctober 8, 2003
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 75 mph (120 km/h)
Lowest pressure987 mbar (hPa); 29.15 inHg
FatalitiesNone reported
DamageNone
Areas affectedMexico
Part of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season

Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

Olaf formed from a tropical wave that left the coast of Africa on September 17. Over the next two weeks it moved westbound into the East Pacific Ocean.[1] Initially, the wave was not in an environment conductive for further development.[2] However, on October 2, a low-level circulation was noted on satellite imagery. This circulation quickly became better defined over the next several hours while located 400 miles (645 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico.[1] The next day, Dvorak Classifications, a tool that estimates a tropical cyclone intensity, were placed at 1.5. This is equivalent to winds of around 30 mph (50 km/h). In addition, a ship nearby reported winds of 35 mph (45 km/h). Microwave imagery also indicated that the center was near the associated convection. Based on this, the system was upgraded into a tropical depression.[3]

Initially, wind shear from nearby Tropical Storm Nora was expect to weaken the system. However, the depression was soon upgraded into a tropical storm.[4] Moving northwest, it steadily intensified into a moderate tropical storm late on October 3. The next day, Olaf weakened slightly;[1] it soon intensified into a strong tropical storm roughly 24 hours later.[1] At that time, it was noted that additional intensification was likely.[5] On October 5, radar imagery indicated a partial eyewall. Based on this, Olaf was upgraded into a minimal Category 1 hurricane. It reached it peak intensity at 75 mph (120 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 987 millibars. Olaf was hurricane for only six hours,[1] but operationally it was believed had been a hurricane for much longer. This is because that the center was initially believed to be further north, closer to the deep convection.[6]

Shortly after reaching its peak, Olaf became disorganized. Olaf weakened steadily while the storm's motion slowed. By early October 6, Olaf was only a minimal tropical storm as the system recurved northwest.[1] However, Olaf rapidly reorganized that afternoon and the National Hurricane Center re-assessed the intensity at 50 mph (80 km/h).[7] Continued restrengthening occurred, and by October 8 Olaf made landfall wind winds of 60 mph (97 km/h) near Manzanillo, Mexico. Shortly thereafter, Olaf weakened rapidly over the high terrain of the coast. Within 24 hours, Olaf had dissipated inland.[1]

Preparations and impact
Rainfall map with Nora

While Olaf was at peak strength, a tropical storm warning issued for Punta San Telmo to Lazaro Cardenas and a hurricane warning was issued from Punta San Telmo to San Blas, including the Islas Marias. The next day, the tropical storm warning was extended to include Manzanillo. At that same time, a hurricane watch was issued from San Blas to Mazatlán. In addition, hurricane warning was extended to include areas from Manzanillo to San Blas including the Islas Marias. Three hours later, when Olaf was revealed to be much weaker, the hurricane warnings and hurricane watches were canceled. However, the tropical storm warnings remained in effect until October 7.[1] A yellow alert was declared in the Mexican states of Michoacán, Colima, and Jalisco, and a green alert was declared in Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Nayarit, and Guerrero.[8] Local authorities also opened shelters.[9]

Olaf was a part of a rainy year in Mexico,[1] producing more rain than Hurricane Nora.[10] Although no deaths were reported, flooding caused serve damage to roadways and crops in the Mexican state of Jalisco. In the same state, more than 12,000 homes were damaged.[1] In the state of Guanajuato, an estimated total of 15,000 people were impacted from the floods. In addition, two communities were isolated. After the hurricane, a program wanted donation from food to basic home supplies.[11] Moisture from the remnants of Nora and Olaf interacted with an upper-level low to produce heavy rainfall across Texas, producing flooding near Waco that forced a family to evacuate in McGregor. The floodwaters closed portions of Interstate 35, U.S. Route 84, and Texas State Highway 36.[12] It also spawned a tornado in Sugar Land that damaged four buildings, including a school.[13]

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See also

References
  1. National Hurricane Center (2003). "Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Olaf" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
  2. John Brown/Lawrence (2010-10-02). "Tropical Weather Outlook". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
  3. Franklin (2010-10-03). "Tropical Depression Eighteen-E Discussion 1". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  4. Franklin (2003). "Tropical Storm Olaf Discussion 2". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  5. Jarrvien (2003-10-04). "Tropical Storm Olaf Discussion 7". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
  6. Franklin (2010-10-06). "Hurricane Olaf Discussion 13". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
  7. Franklin (2003-10-06). "Tropical Storm Olaf Discussion 15". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
  8. "Pacific hurricanes Nora and Olaf". OffGuard. 2003-10-06. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2010-06-03.
  9. Staff Writer (2003-10-06). "Mexicans prepare for hurricane Olaf" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2013-02-04. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  10. David M. Roth. "Hurricanes Nora/Olaf - October 3–8, 2003". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
  11. Staff Writer (2003-06-23). "Post-hurricane appeal". Reliefweb.com. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
  12. Staff Writer (2003-10-09). "Possible tornado hits Houston suburb; floods hit Waco area". Beaumont Enterprise. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
  13. Staff Writer (2003-10-11). "Tornadoes Hit Part of Texas". Reading Eagle. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-06-26.
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