Hooded dotterel

The hooded dotterel or hooded plover[1] (Thinornis cucullatus) is a species of bird in the family Charadriidae. It is endemic to southern Australia and Tasmania where it inhabits ocean beaches and subcoastal lagoons. There are two recognised subspecies which form isolated eastern and western populations. The eastern subspecies is of greater conservation concern, with listings varying from Vulnerable in South Australia and Victoria to Critically Endangered in New South Wales.

Hooded dotterel
At Prosser River Spit, Orford, Tasmania, Australia
Conservation status
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Charadriidae
Genus:	Thinornis
Species:	T. cucullatus
Binomial name
Thinornis cucullatus (Vieillot, 1818)
Synonyms[2]
Charadrius rubricollis Gmelin, 1789 Charadrius cuculatus Thinornis rubricollis

Taxonomy

The hooded dotterel was placed in genus Charadrius but in the early 2000s it was reclassified into the genus Thinornis, along with shore plover (Thinornis novaeseelandiae).[3][4] In 2000 the number of mature individuals was estimated at 7,000.[3] Alternate common names include: hooded plover, hoody, pluvier à camail (in French), kappenregenpfeifer (in German), and chorlito encapuchado (in Spanish).[4]

Subspecies

Two subspecies of the hooded dotterel are now recognised.[3]

• T. c. cucullatus (Vieillot, 1818) southern Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania and nearby islands. The population stands at 3000 and is declining.[3][5][6]
• T. c. tregellasi (Mathews, 1912)[7] Western Australia, coasts and inland lakes, Cranbrook, Yalgorup National Park and points south.[8][9] The population stands at 4000 and appears to be stable.[3][5][6][7]

Description

A breeding pair

The hooded dotterel is medium in size for a plover, stocky, and pale in colour. Its length is 190 to 230 mm (7.5–9.1 in) and its wing-span 230 to 440 mm (9.1–17.3 in). It has a black hood and throat with a white collar. Its red bill has a black tip. It has a red eye ring and orange legs.[10] Underparts are white. Males and females are similar. Adults and juveniles are similar except the juveniles do not have the black head and hindneck, which are instead a sandy brown.[11]

Behaviour

Eggs

A clutch of 1–3 eggs is laid from August to March, which includes also the peak of the Austral summer tourist season in its range and it is thereby heavily impacted by human activities.[3][12] The eggs are a matte beige or cream colour heavily sprinkled with dark brown and lavender markings, especially at the larger end of the egg. Pyriform in shape, they measure 37 mm × 27 mm (1.46 in × 1.06 in).[13] Eggs hatch in about 30 days.[13] The eastern population eats a variety of invertebrates but little is known of the diet of the western population.[3][12] Specifically it eats insects, bivalves, and sandhoppers. It is usually seen in pairs or small groups near the water. For breeding it will dig a shallow scrape in sand or gravel above high-water mark and line it with pebbles, seaweed, and other debris.[11]

Threats

The population of hooded dotterels has declined in eastern Australia as a result of disturbance by people, dogs, cats and horses, as well as predation by silver gulls (Larus novaehollandiae), ravens (Corvus spp) and introduced foxes.[3][12] Fox predation is a major threat to the western subspecies.

Distribution and habitat

Its natural habitats are freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, coastal saline lagoons, and sandy beaches. Heavy populations are found on beaches with seaweed and dunes. It is threatened by habitat loss because of its small population and limited native range. It is a non-migratory inhabitant of coastal and subcoastal Western Australia, South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, and is a vagrant in Queensland.

Conservation

Conservation Status by Subspecies & Region

Subspecies	AUS	NSW	VIC	TAS	SA	WA
Thinornis cucullatus cucullatus	Vulnerable[14]	Critically endangered[15]	Vulnerable[16]	Conservation Concern[17]	Vulnerable	-
Thinornis cucullatus tregellasi	Not listed[18]	-	-	-	-	Not Listed[19]

Habitat range of Thinornis rubricollis

Important Bird Areas

BirdLife International has identified the following sites as being important for hooded dotterel conservation:[20]

South Australia Coffin Bay Coorong Kangaroo Island Tasmania Cape Portland Eastern Flinders Island King Island

Marion Bay Melaleuca to Birchs Inlet North-west Tasmanian Coast Robbins Passage and Boullanger Bay St Helens Victoria Corner Inlet Discovery Bay to Piccaninnie Ponds

Phillip Island Port Fairy to Warrnambool Yambuk Western Australia Lake Gore System Lake Warden System Pink Lake Yalgorup

See also

• Sanderling

References

1. BirdLife International (2012). "Thinornis rubricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
2. "Thinornis cucullatus". Avibase.
3. "Hooded Plover Thinornis rubricollis". BirdLife International. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
4. "Hooded Plover (Charadrius rubricollis)". Internet Bird Collection. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
5. "Taxon Summary – Hooded Plover (western)" (PDF). Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2011. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
6. "Thinornis rubricollis rubricollis — Hooded Plover". Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
7. "Thinornis rubricollis rubricollis — Hooded Plover (eastern)". Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
8. Elson, Stephen J.; Marcus J. C. Singor (April 2008). "Hooded Plover Thinornis rubricollis tregellasi breeding data from Western Australia" (PDF). Journal for the East Asian – Australasian Flyway. Stilt. 53: 6–12.
9. Singor, Marcus (April 2008). "Inland Movements of the Hooded Plover Thinornis Rubricollis Tregellasi in Western Australia" (PDF). Stilt. Stilt. 55: 25–26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-25.
10. "Hooded Dotterel". Biodiversity Information Explorer. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
11. "Hooded Plover". Birds in Backyards. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
12. "Thinornis rubricollis". IUCN Red List. IUCN. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
13. Beruldsen, Gordon (2003). Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs. Kenmore Hills, Qld: self. p. 221. ISBN 0-646-42798-9.
14. Environment, jurisdiction=Commonwealth of Australia; corporateName=Department of the. "Thinornis cucullatus cucullatus — Hooded Plover (eastern), Eastern Hooded Plover". www.environment.gov.au. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
15. "Hooded Plover - profile | NSW Environment, Energy and Science". www.environment.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
16. "Hooded Plover". www.swifft.net.au. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
17. Bryant, Sally (2002). "Conservation assessment of beach nesting and migratory shorebirds in Tasmania" (PDF). Retrieved 2020-06-25.
18. "Conservation Advice - Thinornis rubricollis tregellasi - hooded plover (western)" (PDF). Threatened Species Scientific Committee. 2014.
19. kennedy, sharon (2015-09-02). "Little hooded plovers no match for dogs on South West beaches". ABC South West WA. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
20. "Hooded Plover". Important Bird Areas. BirdLife International. 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-27.

External links

• Data related to Thinornis rubricollis at Wikispecies
• Hooded plover threats and recovery strategies