Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke

Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke, 7th Earl of Montgomery (3 July 1734 – 26 January 1794)[1] of Wilton House in Wiltshire, was an English peer, politician and courtier who served as a Lord of the Bedchamber to King George III in 1769. He was renowned for his skill in horse breaking. Captain Cook's famous ship, HMS Endeavour, was formerly MS Earl of Pembroke, launched 1765 and named after the 10th Earl.

The Right Honourable The Earl of Pembroke
Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke, portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds
Lord of the Bedchamber
In office 1761–1763
Monarch	George III
Preceded by	The Earl of Hyndford
Succeeded by	The Earl of Pomfret
Personal details
Born	(1734-07-03)3 July 1734
Died	26 January 1794 (1794-01-27) (aged 59)
Nationality	British
Spouse(s)	Lady Elizabeth Spencer
Children	George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, 8th Earl of Montgomery Charlotte Herbert Augustus Retnuh Reebkomp (illegitimate) Caroline Medkaff (illegitimate)
Parents	Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke
Education	Eton College
Occupation	Cavalry officer

Arms of Herbert: Per pale azure and gules, three lions rampant argent

Origins

He was the son and heir of Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke (1693-1749), of Wilton House, by his wife Mary FitzWilliam, a daughter of Richard FitzWilliam, 5th Viscount FitzWilliam and Frances Shelley.[2] Through this marriage his son inherited the substantial FitzWilliam properties in Dublin and FitzWilliam House at Richmond Green in Surrey, which he renamed "Pembroke House".[3]

Career

He was educated at Eton College, and was styled Lord Herbert until he succeeded to his father's earldom in 1749. He became a Lieutenant-General in the Army, later Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Dragoons. He became an authority on breaking cavalry horses and in 1755 built an indoor Riding School at Wilton House and commissioned 55 paintings of military riding exercises which now hang in the Large Smoking Room at Wilton. In 1756 he married the 19-year-old Lady Elizabeth Spencer (January/March 1737-30 April 1831), a daughter of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough by his wife Elizabeth Trevor. As his London townhouse he purchased 40 Queen Anne St,[4] Marylebone which he used for entertaining during the "London season". This must have been before 1760, as early that year he was despatched with his regiment to Germany to take part in the Seven Years' War as a Major-General in command of the Cavalry Brigade in Germany until the following year. In 1761 he wrote the British Army's manual on riding, Military Equitation: or A Method of Breaking Horses, and Teaching Soldiers to Ride, which had already reached a 4th edition by 1793, and his methods were adopted throughout the British cavalry.

Henry was appointed a Lord of the Bedchamber to George III in 1769, and advanced to the rank of General in 1782.

Marriage and children

On 23 March 1756 he married the 19-year-old Lady Elizabeth Spencer (January/March 1737-30 April 1831), a daughter of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough by his wife Elizabeth Trevor. By Elizabeth he had issue as follows:

• George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, 8th Earl of Montgomery (1759-1827), son and heir, who married firstly in 1787, Elizabeth Beauclerk and secondly in 1808 Countess Catherine Romanovitch.
• Charlotte Herbert (1773-1784), who died from consumption at age 10.

Mistresses

Portrait possibly of Kitty Hunter, Pembroke's mistress, inscribed on the back :For Lord Pembroke at Whitehall; or possibly of Mary FitzWilliam, his mother

He had several mistresses amongst whom were:

• Kitty Hunter, whom he met on his return to England in January 1762, and, disguised as a sailor, eloped with to the Low Countries having left a note for his wife. Horace Walpole commented:

"As Pembroke a horseman by most is accounted

'Tis not strange his Lordship a Hunter has mounted."

On Henry's recall to the Army in Germany, the pregnant Kitty returned to England and on 23 November 1762[5] gave birth to their child Augustus Retnuh Reebkomp (1762-6 February 1797) whose middle name spelled "Hunter" backwards and whose surname was an anagram of "Pembroke". He later adopted the surname "Montgomery". Henry returned to England in February 1763 and was reconciled to his wife in March.

• Second mistress, with whom Henry had another affair in Venice in 1768, apparently carrying the lady off on the very night of her wedding to someone else. She gave birth to their illegitimate child Caroline Medkaff that year or the next.

Death

He died at Wilton at the age of 59.

Notes

1. Debrett's Peerage of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. G. Woodfall. 1828. p. 98.
2. Lundy, Darryl. Lt.-Gen. Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke, ThePeerage.com, accessed 23 May 2012
3. https://www.richmond.gov.uk/richmond_green_old_palace_lane_to_the_old_deer_park_gates
4. now offices of Lewis Golden and Co.
5. baptised 25 November 1762

Sources

• Images of Kitty Hunter
• Henry, Elizabeth and George: Letters and Diaries of Henry, 10th Earl of Pembroke and his Circle (1734–80), 16th Earl, 1939, repub as: The Pembroke Papers vol. I (1734–80), 1942-50.
• The Pembroke Papers vol. II (1780–94), 16th Earl, 1950, [EUL] 9(42073) Pem.

Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Hyndford	Lord of the Bedchamber 1761–1763	Succeeded by The Earl of Pomfret
Military offices
Preceded by Hon. Henry Seymour Conway	Colonel of the 1st (Royal) Regiment of Dragoons 1764–1794	Succeeded by Philip Goldsworthy
Preceded by Robert Monckton	Governor of Portsmouth 1782–1794	Succeeded by William Augustus Pitt
Honorary titles
Preceded by Robert Sawyer Herbert	Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire 1756–1780	Succeeded by The Earl of Ailesbury
Preceded by The Earl of Ailesbury	Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire 1782–1794	Succeeded by The Earl of Pembroke
Peerage of England
Preceded by Henry Herbert	Earl of Pembroke 1750–1794	Succeeded by George Herbert