Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell

Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell (before 1 March 1538[2] – 20 November 1592[3]) was an English peer. He was the eldest son of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell and Elizabeth Seymour, daughter to John Seymour of Wolf Hall, Wiltshire, and to Margery Wentworth. His mother's siblings included Jane Seymour, third consort of Henry VIII and the Protector Somerset.[4]

Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell
2nd Baron Cromwell
Arms of Cromwell, Baron Cromwell: Quarterly, per fess, indented, azure and or, four lions passant counterchanged[1]
Tenure	1551–1592
Successor	Edward Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell
Known for	Son of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell
Born	Henry Cromwell 1538
Died	20 November 1592 (aged 53–54) Launde Abbey, Leicestershire, England
Buried	Launde Abbey Chapel 52.631111°N 0.823056°W / 52.631111; -0.823056
Nationality	English
Locality	Leicestershire
Spouse(s)	Mary Paulet
Issue Edward Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell Gregory Cromwell Katherine Cromwell
Parents	Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell Elizabeth Seymour

Family and early life

Henry Cromwell was baptised 1 March 1538, probably at Hampton Court, where the Lady Mary almost certainly stood godmother.[2] Shortly after the baptism, his parents left for Lewes in Sussex to the former Cluniac Priory of St. Pancras, recently acquired by his grandfather Thomas Cromwell, where they remained from April 1538 until early 1539, when they took up residence in Leeds Castle, Kent.[5] In December 1539, after the birth of a second son, Edward, Gregory Cromwell wrote to his wife at Leeds Castle, from Calais, "I am, thanks be to God, in good health, trusting shortly to hear from you like news, as well of yourself as also my little boys, of whose increase and towardness be you assured I am not a little desirous to be advertised."[6]

Cromwell's mother, Elizabeth married three times. She married firstly, by July 1530,[7] Anthony Ughtred, governor of Jersey, by whom she had two children:[8][9][10]

• Henry Ughtred, (1533[11] – c. 1598), married Elizabeth, daughter to John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester and the widow of William Courtenay who was killed at the Battle of St. Quentin in 1557.[12][13]
• Margery Ughtred (c. 1535 – ) married William Hungate of Burnby, Yorkshire and had two sons, William and Leonard.[10]

In 1537, three years after death of Anthony Ughtred in October 1534, she married Gregory Cromwell, the son of Thomas Cromwell and 1st Baron Cromwell. The couple had three sons and two daughters:[3][8][14]

• Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell, (1538–1592)
• Edward Cromwell, (1539 – died young)
• Thomas Cromwell, (c. 1540 – 1611), educated at St John's College, Cambridge. Married, August 1580, Katherine (died 1615/1616), daughter of Thomas Gardner of Coxford, 5 sons, 4 daughters.
• Katherine Cromwell, (c. 1541 – ) wife of John Strode of Parnham, Dorset, son of Robert Strode and Elizabeth Hody, had six sons
• Frances Cromwell (c. 1544 – 7 February 1562) married Richard Strode of Newnham, Devon, son of William Strode of Newnham and Elizabeth Courtenay, on 11 November 1560 at Compton, Hampshire, they had one son, William Strode

Gregory Lord Cromwell died of sweating sickness on 4 July 1551 leaving his heir a minor at thirteen years of age.[3][5] Henry's mother went on to marry, in 1554, as her third husband, Sir John Paulet, later Lord St John. She died 19 March 1568, and was buried 5 April[15] at Basing, Hampshire.[16] His step-father later married, before 30 September 1568, Winifred, widow of Sir Richard Sackville, and daughter of John Brydges, a former Lord Mayor of London.[17] He succeeded his father as Marquess of Winchester in 1572.[18]

Henry Cromwell was educated at St. John's College Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1553.[19] He may have been admitted to Lincoln's Inn, 7 March 1557.[19]

Peerage

Henry's grandfather, Thomas Cromwell, had been created Baron Cromwell of Wimbledon and Earl of Essex as a reward for his service as chief minister to Henry VIII, but he had lost those titles by attainder in June 1540.[20] On 18 December 1540, his son Gregory was created 1st Baron Cromwell. This title was a new creation rather than a restoration of his father's forfeited barony.[21] Henry succeeded his father as the second Baron Cromwell under that creation. A minor at his father's premature death, he was first summoned to Parliament in 1563.[3]

Marriage and issue

Cromwell married, before 1560, Mary Paulet, (c. 1540 – 10 October 1592),[3] the daughter of his stepfather John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester and his first wife Elizabeth Willoughby,[3] and by her had issue:[3]

• Edward Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell, (c. 1560 – 27 April 1607), married firstly, Elizabeth Upton (died 1592/3), of Puslinch, Devon and secondly, Frances Rugge, (died 1631) of Felmingham, Norfolk, by whom he had a son, Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Ardglass and two daughters, Frances and Anne. He served with the Earl of Essex in the expedition against Spain and was knighted by him in Dublin 12 July 1599.[3][22][23][24]
• Gregory Cromwell, married Frances, daughter of Sir Edward Griffin of Dingley, Northamptonshire.[25] He was knighted by James I at Belvoir Castle 23 April 1603.[26]
• Katharine Cromwell (d. 24 March 1621), married on 10 February 1581 at North Elmham, Norfolk, Sir Lionel Tollemache, 1st Baronet, of Helmingham, Suffolk (before 14 December 1562 – 1612[27]), son of Sir Lionel Tollemache and Susan Jermyn. They had a son, Sir Lionel Tollemache, 2nd Baronet.[27][28]

Death

Cromwell's wife, Mary died at North Elmham, Norfolk, 10 October 1592, and was buried, on 23 October, at Launde Abbey Leicestershire.[3] He died shortly after his wife, on 20 November at North Elmham, Norfolk, 1592 and was buried, on 4 December, in the chapel at Launde Abbey, Launde, Leicestershire.[3][29]

References

1. Nichols III(I) 1800, p. 327.
2. MacCulloch 2018, pp. 440–441.
3. Cokayne III 1913, p. 558.
4. Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry III 2011, pp. 111–112.
5. Hawkyard 1982.
6. Wood II 1846, pp. 357–358.
7. Fitzgerald 2019.
8. Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry III 2011, p. 111.
9. Thornton 2012, p. 71.
10. Flower 1881, p. 146.
11. Syvret 1832, pp. 60–61, Henry Ughtred was one year old when his father died in October 1534.
12. Colby 1872, p. 76.
13. Cokayne IV 1916, pp. 332–333.
14. Noble 1784, pp. 8–9.
15. College of Arms 2012, p. 63.
16. Cokayne III 1913, p. 558.
17. Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry III 2011, p. 311.
18. Cokayne VIII 1898, p. 173.
19. Venn 1922, p. 422.
20. Cokayne III 1913, p. 557.
21. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII, 16, 379-34.
22. Burke 1831, pp. 152–153.
23. Shaw II 1906, p. 96.
24. Lee 1888, pp. 151–152.
25. Carthew 1878, p. 522, 524, Gregory Cromwell is listed in his father's will.
26. Shaw II 1906, p. 102.
27. Ferris 2010.
28. Cokayne 1900, p. 18.
29. Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry I 2011, p. 605.

Bibliography

• Aspinall-Oglander, Cecil (1946). "appendix". Nunwell Symphony. London: Hogarth Press.
• Bindoff, S. T. (1982). "Cromwell, Thomas (by 1485–1540), of London". In Bindoff, S. T. (ed.). Members. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509–1558. Historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
• Burke, John (1831). A General and Heraldic Dictionary of The Peerages of England, Ireland and Scotland, Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance. London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley.
• Burke, J.B. (1866). A Genealogical History of the Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited And Extinct Peerages in the British Empire. London, UK: Harrison.
• "Calendar of the Patent Rolls Preserved in the Public Record Office: Elizabeth [I]". London: HMSO. 1939. Retrieved 5 December 2013. at HathiTrust
• Carthew, G. A. (1878). The Hundred of Launditch and Deanery of Brisley; in the County of Norfolk; Evidences and Topographical Notes from public records, Heralds' Visitations, Wills, Court Rolls, Old Charters, Parish Registers, Town books, and Other Private Sources; Digested and Arranged as Materials for Parochial, Manorial, and Family History. II. Collected by G.A. Carthew. Norwich: Printed by Miller and Leavins. at HathiTrust
• Cokayne, G. E. (1898). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant. VIII. Exeter: William Pollard.
• Cokayne, G. E. (1900). Complete Baronetage. I: 1611–1625. Exeter: William Pollard & Co.
• Cokayne, G. E. (1983). Complete Baronetage. I. Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing.
• Cokayne, G. E. (1913). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. III. London: St. Catherine Press.
• Cokayne, G. E. (1916). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom. IV. London: St. Catherine Press.
• Colby, Frederic Thomas, ed. (1872). The Visitation of the County of Devon in the Year 1620. Publications of the Harleian Society. VI. London: Printed by Taylor and Co.
• College of Arms (1829) [Printed by S. and R. Bentley, London, 1829]. Catalogue of the Arundel Manuscripts in the Library of the College of Arms. [By William Henry Black. With a preface signed C. G. Y., i.e. Sir Charles George Young]. Rarebooksclub.com (published 20 May 2012). ISBN 9781236284259.
• Ferris, John P. (2010). "Tollemache (Talmash), Sir Lionel, 2nd Bt. (1591-1640), of Helmingham Hall, Suff.; Brunt Hall, Great Fakenham, Suff. and Charing Cross, Westminster". In Thrush, Andrew; Ferris, John P. (eds.). Members. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1604-1629. Historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
• Fitzgerald, Teri (18 August 2019). "All That Glitters: Hans Holbein's Lady of the Cromwell Family". queenanneboleyn.com. Retrieved 5 October 2019.
• Flower, William (1881). Norcliffe, Charles Best (ed.). The Visitation of Yorkshire in the Years 1563 and 1564, Made by William Flower, Esquire, Norroy King of Arms. The Publications of the Harleian Society. XVI. London: Harleian Society.
• Fuidge, N. M. (1981). "Ughtred, Henry (by 1534-aft. Oct. 1598), of Southampton and Ireland". In Hasler, P. W. (ed.). Members. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1558–1603. Historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
• Hawkyard, A. D. K. (1982). "Cromwell, Gregory (by 1516–51), of Lewes, Suss.; Leeds Castle, Kent and Launde, Leics.". In Bindoff, S. T. (ed.). Members. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509–1558. Historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
• Lee, Sidney (1888). "Cromwell, Edward". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. 13. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 151–152.
• "Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, Henry VIII". British-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
• MacCulloch, Diarmaid (2018). Thomas Cromwell: a life. London: Allen Lane.
• MacMahon, Luke (2004). "Ughtred, Sir Anthony (d. 1534)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27979. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• Metcalfe, Walter C. (1885). A Book of Knights Banneret, Knights of the Bath, and Knights Bachelor. London: Mitchell and Hughes.
• Nichols, John (1800). The History and Antiquities of the County of Leicester. III. London: J. Nichols.
• Noble, Mark (1784). Memoirs of Several Persons and Families Who, by Females are Allied to, or Descended from the Protectorate-House of Cromwell. Birmingham: Pearson and Rollason. p. 8.
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. III (2nd ed.). ISBN 978-1461045205.
• Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. I (2nd ed.). CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1461045137.
• Shaw, William A. (1906). The Knights of England. II. London: Sherratt and Hughes.
• "Sir John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire, 2nd Lord St. John, Sheriff of Hampshire, Somersetshire, & Dorsetshire". Our Royal, Titled, Noble, and Commoner Ancestors & Cousins. Our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
• Syvret, George S.; Carteret, Samuel de (1832). Chroniques des Iles de Jersey, Guernesey, Auregny et Serk (in French). Auquel on a ajouté un Abrégé Historique des dites Iles par Samuel de Carteret. Guernesey: de l'imprimerie de Thomas James Mauger.
• Thornton, Tim (2012). The Channel Islands, 1370–1640: Between England and Normandy. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 9781843837114.
• Venn, John; Venn, J. A. (1922). Alumni Cantabrigienses, A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, From the Earliest Times to 1900. Part I: From the Earliest Times to 1751. I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Wood, Mary Anne Everett (1846). Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Britain ... II. London: Henry Colburn.

External links

• Henry Cromwell at Find a Grave
• Cromwell, Baron (E, 1540 - 1687) Cracroft's Peerage
• Extracts from the Will of Henry Lord Cromwell
• The Priory of St. Pancras, Lewes
• Katharine Cromwell Portrait by Robert Peake, 1581

Peerage of England
Preceded by Gregory Cromwell	Baron Cromwell 1551–1592	Succeeded by Edward Cromwell