Helen Richey

Helen Richey (1909–1947) was a pioneering female aviator and the first woman to be hired as a pilot by a commercial airline in the United States.

For the Australian ballroom dancer, see Helen Richey (dancer).
Helen Richey, 1929.
"Outdoor Girl" after the record flight
A Curtiss Robin flown by Dale Jackson and Forest O'Brine being refueled during another flight endurance record in 1929.

Richey was born in McKeesport, Pennsylvania. She graduated from McKeesport High School in 1927.[1] Her father, Joseph B. Richey, was superintendent of schools in McKeesport from 1902 to 1935. During her teens, Richey was one of the few girls in McKeesport who wore pants. She learned how to fly a plane at age 20. Her father bought her a Bird plane when she obtained her pilot's license.[2]

In December 1933 Richey partnered with another female pilot, Frances Marsalis, to set an endurance record by staying airborne for nearly 10 days over Miami, Florida, with midair refueling. Their aircraft was a Curtiss Thrush, named "Outdoor Girl" after its sponsor, a cosmetics brand.[3][lower-alpha 1] Marsalis had previously set an endurance record the previous year with Louise Thaden in another Thrush.[2][3] The refuelling was achieved by opening the central hatch, grabbing a dangling hose out of a Curtiss Robin and shoving it into the gas tank, which Richey likened to "wrestling with a cobra in a hurricane".[3]:16 Marsalis was killed during the 1934 Women's Air Meet in Dayton.[2]

In 1934 Richey won the premier air race at the first National Air Meet for women in Dayton, Ohio. Also in 1934, Central Airlines, a Greensburg, Pennsylvania–based carrier that eventually became part of United Airlines, hired Richey as a pilot; she made her first regular civil flight with them on December 31, taking a Ford Trimotor on the Washington to Detroit route.[6] She eventually was forced to step down from the cockpit by the all-male pilots union.

In May 1936, Helen Richey, flying a light plane,[7] set an international altitude record for aircraft weighing under 200 kilograms (440 lb).[8] She reached 18,448 feet (5,623 m)[8] during a flight from Congressional Airport to Endless Caverns Airport in New Market, Virginia.[9] Richey flew the same plane that Benjamin King had flown to break the record previously.[9]

After leaving Central Airlines, Richey continued to perform at air shows. In 1936 she teamed with Amelia Earhart in a transcontinental air race, the Bendix Trophy Race. Richey and Earhart came in fifth, beating some all-male teams. Later, Richey flew with the British Air Transportation Auxiliary during World War II.

In addition to being the first female commercial airline pilot, Richey also was the first woman sworn in to pilot air mail and one of the first female flight instructors.

Richey died in her apartment in New York City on 7 January 1947, apparently from a pill overdose. Her death was ruled a suicide.

References
Notes
  1. Outdoor Girl was launched in 1928 and was aimed at women who wore makeup in public. The makers were the Crystal Chemical Company.[4] The company's headquarters were located at E. 134th Street & Willis Avenue, The Bronx, NYC, north of the Willis Avenue Bridge.[5]
Citations
  1. "Helen Richey: Biography". McKeesport Regional History & Heritage Center. Archived from the original on 2013-12-08. Retrieved 2013-11-17. information from Helen Richey Memorial Plaque and her biography Propeller Annie, By Glen Kerfoot
  2. Oakes 1985, p. 11.
  3. Weigand, Cindy. "Helen Richey: ATA Girl, WASP, Aviation Pioneer" (PDF). Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  4. "Vintage Art Deco Outdoor Girl Rouge Powder Compact". etsy.com. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  5. "Crystal Chemical Co". Museum of the City of New York. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  6. Pelletier, Alain (2012). "Window dressing only..: Helen Richey (1909-1947)". High-Flying Women: a World History of Female Pilots. Sparkford: Haynes. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-85733-257-8.
  7. "Miss Richey Seeks Record". Washington Evening Star. May 9, 1935. p. 20.
  8. Lynch, Adam, "Hometown Heroine," Aviation History, March 2012, p. 56.
  9. "Girl Flyer Sets Altitude Record". Washington Evening Star. May 10, 1936. p. 3.
Bibliography
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