Heavy Metal (film)

Heavy Metal is a 1981 Canadian American adult animated sci-fi-fantasy film directed by Gerald Potterton, produced by Ivan Reitman and Leonard Mogel, who also was the publisher of Heavy Metal magazine, which was the basis for the film, and starring the voices of Rodger Bumpass, Jackie Burroughs, John Candy, Joe Flaherty, Don Francks, Martin Lavut, Marilyn Lightstone, Eugene Levy, Alice Playten, Harold Ramis, Percy Rodriguez, Susan Roman, Richard Romanus, August Schellenberg, John Vernon, and Zal Yanovsky. The screenplay was written by Daniel Goldberg and Len Blum.

This article is about the 1981 film. For the 2000 sequel, see Heavy Metal 2000.

Heavy Metal
Theatrical release poster
Directed byGerald Potterton
Produced byIvan Reitman
Screenplay by
Based on
Original art and stories
by
Starring
Music byElmer Bernstein
Edited by
  • Ian Llande ("Den")
  • Mick Manning ("Soft Landing")
  • Gerald Tripp ("Harry Canyon" and "B-17")
Color processMetrocolor
Production
company
Guardian Trust Company
Canadian Film Development Corporation
Famous Players
Potterton Productions
Distributed byColumbia Pictures
Release date
  • August 7, 1981 (1981-08-07)
Running time
90 minutes[1]
CountryCanada[2]
United States[2]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$9.3 million
Box office$20.1 million[3][4]

The film is an anthology of various science fiction and fantasy stories adapted from Heavy Metal magazine and original stories in the same spirit. Like the magazine, the film features a great deal of graphic violence, sexuality, and nudity. Its production was expedited by having several animation houses working simultaneously on different segments. Despite the mixed reviews by film critics on its initial release, the film was a modest success at the box office and has since achieved a cult status around it.

A sequel titled Heavy Metal 2000 was released in 2000.

Plot

Soft Landing

The title sequence story opens with a space shuttle orbiting the Earth. The bay doors open, releasing a Corvette. An astronaut seated in the car then begins descending through Earth's atmosphere, landing in a desert canyon.

Crew
Music

Heavy metal, Sammy Hagar

Grimaldi

In the framing story, the astronaut Grimaldi arrives at home, where he is greeted by his daughter. He says he has something to show her. When he opens his case, a green, crystalline sphere rises out and melts him. It introduces itself to the terrified girl as "the sum of all evils". Looking into the orb known as the Loc-Nar, the girl sees how it has influenced societies throughout time and space.

Cast
Crew

Harry Canyon

Original story by Daniel Goldberg and Len Blum; inspired by Moebius' The Long Tomorrow stories.

In a dystopian New York City in 2031, cynical taxicab driver Harry Canyon narrates his day in film-noir style, grumbling about his fares and occasional robbery attempts, which he thwarts with a disintegrator installed in the back of his seat. He stumbles into an incident where he rescues a girl from a gangster named Rudnick, who had murdered the girl's father. She tells him about her father's discovery: the Loc-Nar, an artifact over which people are killing each other. Harry takes the girl back to his apartment where she climbs into his bed and has sex with him. The next day, one of his fares is Rudnick, who threatens Harry if he does not cooperate. The girl decides to sell the Loc-Nar to Rudnick and split the proceeds with Harry. At the exchange, Rudnick takes the Loc-Nar out of its case and is disintegrated. Meanwhile, the girl informs Harry that she is keeping all the money for herself and pulls a gun on him. Harry is forced to use his disintegrator on her. He keeps all the money and writes it up as a "two-day ride with one hell of a tip".

Cast
Crew
  • Pino Van Lamsweerde – director
  • W. H. Stevens Jr. – producer
  • Vic Atkinson – producer
  • Daniel Goldberg – writer
  • Len Blum – writer
Music
Movies
  • The Fifth Element

Den

A nerdy teenager finds a "green meteorite" near his house and puts it in his rock collection. During a lightning experiment, the orb hurls the boy into the world of Neverwhere, where he transforms into a naked, bald-headed, well endowed, muscular man called Den, an acronym for his earth name, David Ellis Norman. After tying a nearby flag around him to keep everyone from seeing his "dork" hanging out, Den witnesses a strange ritual, rescuing a beautiful young large breasted woman who was about to be sacrificed to Uhluhtc. Reaching safety, she introduces herself as Katherine Wells from the British colony of Gibraltar. While she demonstrates her gratitude with sexual favours, they are interrupted by the minions of Ard, an immortal man who wants to obtain the Loc-Nar for himself. When Den is taken to see Ard, Den demands to see the girl, but Ard orders his men to castrate Den. Den fights off Ard's soldiers and shoots Ard, but since Ard is immortal he heals immediately. Den asks where the girl is located and Ard shows that she sleeping, encased in glass under a spell where only Ard can awaken her. He offers Den a deal; get the Loc-Nar from the Queen and bring it to him and he will release the girl to Den. Den agrees and infiltrates the palace along with Ard's best soldier, Norl. Den and another minion of Ard's are promptly caught by the Queen's guards, but she offers leniency if Den has sex with her. He complies, thereby distracting the Queen while the raiding party steals the Loc-Nar. Den escapes and races back to rescue Katherine from Ard. Recreating the lightning incident that drew him to Neverwhere, he is able to banish Ard and the Queen. Den's voice-over has him suspecting that they were teleported to Earth. Refusing the opportunity to take the Loc-Nar for himself, Den rides with Katherine into the sunset content to remain in Neverwhere. As for the Loc-Nar, it rises into the sky and lands on a space station where it is picked up by someone.

Cast
Crew

Captain Sternn

On a space station, crooked space captain Lincoln F. Sternn is on trial for numerous serious charges presented by the prosecutor consisting of 12 counts of murder on the first degree, 14 counts of armed theft of Federation property, 22 counts of piracy in high space, 18 counts of fraud, 37 counts of rape — and one moving violation. Pleading "not guilty" against the advice of his lawyer Charlie, Sternn explains that he expects to be acquitted because he bribed a witness named Hanover Fiste. Fiste takes the stand upon being called to by the prosecutor, but his perjury is subverted when the Loc-Nar, now the size of a marble, causes him to blurt out highly incriminating statements about Sternn (though whether or not any of them are true is unknown) before changing him into a hulking muscular form that chases Sternn throughout the station, breaking through bulkheads and wreaking havoc. Eventually, he corners Sternn, who gives him his promised payoff, and he promptly shrinks back to his gangly original form. Sternn opens a trap door under Fiste, ejecting him into space. The Loc-Nar enters Earth's atmosphere with Fiste's flaming severed hand still clinging to it.

Cast
Crew
  • Julian Harris – director
  • Paul Sebella – director
  • Bernie Wrightson – writer
Music

Neverwhere Land

Because of time constraints, a segment called "Neverwhere Land", which would have connected "Captain Sternn" to "B-17", was cut.

The story follows the influence of the Loc-Nar upon the evolution of a planet, from the Loc-Nar landing in a body of water, influencing the rise of the industrial age, and a world war. This original story was created by Cornelius Cole III.

The original rough animatics are set to a loop of the beginning of Pink Floyd's "Time". The 1996 VHS release included this segment at the end of the tape. On the DVD release, this segment is included as a bonus feature. In both released versions, the sequence is set to the music of "Passacaglia" (from Magnificat), composed and conducted by Krzysztof Penderecki.

B-17

A World War II B-17 bomber nicknamed the Pacific Pearl makes a difficult bombing run with heavy damage and casualties. As the bomber limps home, the co-pilot goes back to check on the crew. Finding nothing but dead bodies, he notices the Loc-Nar trailing the plane. Informing the pilot, he heads back to the cockpit, when the Loc-Nar rams itself into the plane and reanimates the dead crew members as zombies. The co-pilot is killed, while the pilot parachutes away in time. He lands on an island where he finds a graveyard of airplanes from various times, along with the wrecked airplanes' zombified airmen, who surround him, sealing the horrified pilot's fate.

Cast
Crew
  • Barrie Nelson – director
  • W. H. Stevens Jr. – producer
  • Dan O'Bannon – writer
Music

So Beautiful & So Dangerous

Dr. Anrak, a prominent scientist, arrives at The Pentagon for a meeting regarding mysterious mutations that are plaguing the United States. At the meeting, the doctor tries to dismiss the occurrences. When he sees the Loc-Nar in the locket of Gloria, a beautiful buxom stenographer, he begins to behave erratically and sexually assaults her. A colossal starship drills through the roof and abducts the doctor and, by accident, Gloria. The ship's robot is irritated at Anrak, who is actually a malfunctioning android, but its mood changes when it sees Gloria. With the help of the ship's alien pilot Edsel and co-pilot Zeke, the robot convinces Gloria to stay on board and have "robot sex" (albeit off-screen). Meanwhile, Edsel and Zeke snort a huge amount of a powdered drug called Plutonian Nyborg before flying home, zoning out on the cosmos. Too intoxicated to fly straight, they crash-land unharmed in a huge space station.

Cast
  • Percy Rodriguez (uncredited) as Loc-Nar
  • Rodger Bumpass as Dr. Anrak
  • John Candy as Robot
  • Joe Flaherty as General
  • Eugene Levy as Male Reporter / Edsel
  • Alice Playten as Gloria
  • Harold Ramis as Zeke
  • Patty Dworkin as Female Reporter
  • Warren Munson as Senator
Crew
Music

Taarna

Original story by Daniel Goldberg and Len Blum; inspired by Moebius' Arzach stories.

The Loc-Nar, now the size of a giant meteor, crashes into a volcano on a peaceful world. It draws people. The volcano erupts, and green lava covers everyone, mutating the crowd into an evil army. The mutants attack a city. The city leaders, desperate, mentally summon the Taarakians, a (possibly extinct) warrior race, with whom the city had a pact. But the city falls.

Taarna, last of the Taarakians, answers the summons. She is strong, beautiful, and mute. Her hair is white and her neck has the Taarakian mark (a sword). She flies upon a large Taarakian bird, her loyal companion. At a deserted temple, she collects armor and sword. The temple releases great power onto the sword.

Taarna flies to the ruined, deserted city. Its people have already been massacred but they can be avenged. She travels in search of the culprits. She encounters a small band of mutants and realizes that she has found the city's destroyers. They try to rape her but she slays them with ease. Now more informed, she travels towards the mutant camp but they are prepared. They surprise her and capture her and her mount. She is bound, stripped, whipped, and thrown into an open pit, unconscious.

Her mount escapes and rescues her. In the ensuing chase, it is mortally wounded and forced to land. The mutants catch up, and their leader faces Taarna, one-on-one. He wounds her but she kills him. Surrounded by the mutant army, Taarna and her mount, both bleeding profusely, make a death flight to the volcano. As they approach, the Loc-Nar warns her off, by saying that sacrificing herself would be futile. She releases power from her sword. This destroys the Loc-Nar while annhilating her and her mount.

Cast

  • Percy Rodriguez (uncredited) as Loc-Nar
  • Thor Bishopric as Boy
  • Ned Conlon as Councilman #1
  • Len Doncheff as Barbarian #1
  • Don Francks as Barbarian #2
  • Joseph Golland as Councilman #2
  • Charles Joliffe as Councilman #3
  • Mavor Moore as Elder
  • August Schellenberg as Taarak
  • Cedric Smith as Bartender
  • George Touliatos as Barbarian #3
  • Vlasta Vrána as Barbarian Leader
  • Zal Yanovsky as Barbarian #4

Music

Epilogue

As the final story ends, the Loc-Nar which was terrorizing the girl explodes, destroying the mansion in the process. Taarna's reborn mount appears outside, and the girl happily flies away on it. It is then revealed that Taarna's soul has been reincarnated in the girl. The girl's hair color changes to white and we see a Taarakian mark on her neck.

Cast

  • Percy Rodriguez (uncredited) as Loc-Nar

Production

Animation

Animator Robert Balser directed the animated "Den" sequence for the film.[5]

The film uses the rotoscoping technique of animation in several shots. This process consists of shooting models and actors, then tracing the shot onto film for animation purposes.[6] The B-17 bomber was shot using a 10-foot (3 m) replica, which was then animated. Additionally, Taarna the Taarakian was rotoscoped, using Toronto model Carole Desbiens as a model for the animated character. The shot of the exploding house near the end of the movie was originally to be rotoscoped, but as the film's release date had been moved up from October/November to August 7, 1981, a lack of time prevented this. This remains as the only non-animated sequence in the film. During development of this film, the Canadian animation studio, Nelvana Limited, was offered the chance to work on Heavy Metal, but they declined their offer, instead working of their first theatrical film, Rock & Rule.

Fantasy illustrator Chris Achilléos designed and painted the iconic promotional poster image, commissioned in 1980, that features the central character Taarna on her birdlike steed. That artwork continues to be used for home video releases. Achelleos also did conceptual design work for the Taarna character.

Release

Box office

The film was released on August 7, 1981. It was a financial success, grossing over $20 million on a $9 million budget.[3]

Critical reception

The film was met with mixed response. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 60% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10 and the critical consensus: "It's sexist, juvenile, and dated, but Heavy Metal makes up for its flaws with eye-popping animation and a classic, smartly-used soundtrack."[7]

Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that "for anyone who doesn't think an hour and a half is a long time to spend with a comic book, 'Heavy Metal' is impressive," and noted that the film "was scored very well, with music much less ear-splitting than the title would suggest."[8] Variety declared, "Initial segments have a boisterous blend of dynamic graphics, intriguing plot premises and sly wit that unfortunately slide gradually downhill ... Still, the net effect is an overridingly positive one and will likely find its way into upbeat word-of-mouth."[9] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three stars, writing that it "isn't intended for close scrutiny on a literal level. The film clearly is intended as a trip, and on that level it works very nicely." He criticized the film as "blatantly sexist" and for having "wildly romanticized" violence.[10] Sheila Benson of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "Somehow a great deal of the charm [of the magazine] leaked out on the way to the movie house, but all of the sadism stayed put. And then some. It's the most expensive adolescent fantasy revenge fulfillment wet dream ever to slither onto a screen."[11] John Pym of The Monthly Film Bulletin found that it was "to put it mildly, something of a hodge-podge."[12] Film historian and critic Leonard Maltin gave the film 3 stars out of 4 in his Movie Guide, calling the feature "...uneven, but great fun on a mindless, adolescent level."[13]

Christopher John reviewed Heavy Metal in Ares Magazine #11 and commented that "Sadly, what could have been a true boost for animation in this country is a weak, opportunistic failure, put together with very little care and no love at all."[14]

Home media

Prior to official release on VHS and LaserDisc in 1996, the film was re-released to 54 theatres on March 8, 1996 taking in $550,000.[4] The subsequent home video release moved over one million units.[15]

The film was released on Blu-ray Disc on February 1, 2011 as a Best Buy exclusive and it was later released everywhere on June 14.[16]

Music

Soundtrack
Heavy Metal
Soundtrack album by
Various artists
ReleasedJuly 1981
GenreHeavy metal, hard rock, pop rock
LabelFull Moon/Asylum/Epic
Heavy Metal film soundtracks chronology
Heavy Metal
(1981)		 Heavy Metal 2000 OST
(2000)
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[17]

The soundtrack was released on LP in 1981, but for legal reasons, was not released on CD until 1995. The album peaked at number 12 on the Billboard 200 chart. The movie's theme song, "Heavy Metal (Takin' a Ride)" was sung by Don Felder. It was released as a single in the U.S. and reached number 43 on the Billboard Hot 100[18] and number five on the Mainstream Rock chart on September 19, 1981.[19]

Blue Öyster Cult wrote and recorded a song called "Vengeance (The Pact)" for the film, but the producers declined to use the song because the lyrics provided a capsulized summary of the "Taarna" vignette. "Veteran of the Psychic Wars" was used instead. Both songs can be found on Blue Öyster Cult's album Fire of Unknown Origin. Though used in the film, the songs "Through Being Cool" by Devo and "E5150" by Black Sabbath were not included in the released soundtrack album. These songs are on New Traditionalists and Mob Rules, respectively.

The legal difficulties surrounding the use of some songs in the movie delayed its release to home video. The production company's use of some songs was limited solely to the theatrical release and soundtrack and did not include home video releases. It was not until 1996 that there was an official home video release on VHS when Kevin Eastman, who had bought the publishing rights of Heavy Metal magazine in 1992 and previously contributed to the magazine, reached a settlement with the music copyright holders.[20]

No.TitleArtistLength
1."Heavy Metal" (Original Version)Sammy Hagar3:50
2."Heartbeat"Riggs4:20
3."Working in the Coal Mine"Devo2:48
4."Veteran of the Psychic Wars"Blue Öyster Cult4:48
5."Reach Out"Cheap Trick3:35
6."Heavy Metal (Takin' a Ride)"Don Felder5:00
7."True Companion"Donald Fagen5:02
8."Crazy (A Suitable Case for Treatment)"Nazareth3:24
9."Radar Rider"Riggs2:40
10."Open Arms"Journey3:20
11."Queen Bee"Grand Funk Railroad3:11
12."I Must Be Dreamin'"Cheap Trick5:37
13."The Mob Rules" (alternate version)Black Sabbath3:16
14."All of You"Don Felder4:18
15."Prefabricated"Trust2:59
16."Blue Lamp"Stevie Nicks3:48

Score

Unusual for the time, an LP recording of Elmer Bernstein's score was released alongside the soundtrack in 1981, and it featured the composer's first use of the ondes Martenot, an instrument which became a trademark of Bernstein's later career. On March 13, 2008, Film Score Monthly released an official, expanded CD release of Bernstein's score, which he conducted.[21] The score was performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra with the London Voices and Jeanne Loriod on the ondes Martenot.

Original track listing:

  1. "Den and the Green Ball" (03:17)
  2. "Den Makes It" (02:49)
  3. "Den and the Queen" (02:56)
  4. "Den's Heroics" (02:52)
  5. "Bomber and the Green Ball" (04:41)
  6. "Space Love" (01:32)
  7. "Harry and the Girl" (03:45)
  8. "Tarna Summoned" (sic) (02:50)
  9. "Flight" (02:20)
  10. "Tarna Prepares" (sic) (03:35)
  11. "Barbarians" (03:37)
  12. "Tarna Forever" (sic) (03:37)

Re-release track listing:

  1. "Beginning" 1:16
  2. "Intro to Green Ball" 1:18
  3. "Discovery/Transformation (Den and the Green Ball)" 3:15
  4. "Den Makes Out (Den Makes It)" 2:42
  5. "Castrate Him/Searching for the Loc-Nar" 2:04
  6. "Queen for a Day (Den and the Queen)" 2:54
  7. "Pursuit (Den’s Heroics)" 2:51
  8. "Fiste" 1:27
  9. "Getting Bombed" 3:06
  10. "Green Ball" 2:15
  11. "Dem Bones" 2:44
  12. "No Alarm" 0:58
  13. "Robot Love (Space Love)" 1:32
  14. "Harry" 1:35
  15. "The Next Morning" 1:56
  16. "End of Baby" 2:43
  17. "Council (Taarna Summoned)" 2:49
  18. "The Flight to Temple (Flight)" 2:16
  19. "The Sword (Taarna Prepares)" 3:32
  20. "Flight to Holiday Town" 2:20
  21. "Fighting" 2:43
  22. "My Whips!/Taarna Escapes Pit" 4:57
  23. "Finish (Taarna Forever)" 3:34

Bonus tracks

  1. "Den Makes Out" (film version) 2:49
  2. "Bomber and the Green Ball" (album edit) 4:35
  3. "Harry and the Girl" (album edit) 3:41
  4. "Barbarians" (album edit) 3:34

Legacy

Sequel

The first sequel, titled Heavy Metal 2000, was released in 2000. A second sequel has been in various stages of development since.

Remake

In March 2008, Variety reported that Paramount Pictures was set to make another animated film with David Fincher "spearheading the project". Kevin Eastman, who is the current owner and publisher of Heavy Metal, will direct a segment, as will Tim Miller, "whose Blur Studio will handle the animation for what is being conceived as an R-rated, adult-themed feature".[22]

Entertainment website IGN announced, on July 14, 2008, "David Fincher's edgy new project has suffered a serious setback after it was dropped by Paramount, according to Entertainment Weekly."[23] Entertainment Weekly quoted Tim Miller as saying "David really believes in the project. It's just a matter of time."[24]

In September 2008, Eastman was quoted as saying "Fincher is directing one, Guillermo del Toro wants to direct one, Zack Snyder wants to direct one, Gore Verbinski wants to direct one". It was reported that the film had been moved to Sony division Columbia Pictures (which had released the original) and had a budget of $50 million.[25]

In June 2009, Eastman said "I've got breaking news that Fincher and James Cameron are going to be co-executive producers on the film, Cameron will direct one.[26] Mark Osborne and Jack Black from Tenacious D were going to do a comedy segment for the film."[27]

Production is stalled indefinitely, as no film distributor or production company has shown interest in distributing or producing the remake since Paramount Pictures decided to forgo being the film's distributor,[28] who purportedly thought such a film was "too risqué for mainstream audiences".[24]

In July 2011, filmmaker Robert Rodriguez announced at the Comic-Con that he had purchased the film rights to Heavy Metal and planned to develop a new animated film at the new Quick Draw Studios.[29] On March 11, 2014, with the formation of his very own television network, El Rey, Rodriguez considered switching gears and bringing it to TV.[30]

On March 15, 2019, the reboot was released on Netflix as a reimagining titled Love, Death & Robots.[31]

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References
  1. "HEAVY METAL (AA)". Columbia Pictures. British Board of Film Classification. August 19, 1981. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  2. "Heavy Metal". American Film Institute. Retrieved December 21, 2015.
  3. "Heavy Metal". The-Numbers.com. Retrieved October 16, 2009.
  4. "Heavy Metal Reissue". BoxOfficeMojo.com. Retrieved October 16, 2009.
  5. Wolfe, Jennifer (January 6, 2016). "'Yellow Submarine' Animation Director Robert Balser Passes at 88". Animation World Network. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  6. Maçek III, J.C. (August 2, 2012). "'American Pop'... Matters: Ron Thompson, the Illustrated Man Unsung". PopMatters.
  7. "Heavy Metal Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  8. Janet Maslin (August 7, 1981). "Heavy Metal (1981) 'HEAVY METAL,' ADULT CARTOON". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2009.
  9. "Film Reviews: Heavy Metal". Variety: 18. August 5, 1981.
  10. Siskel, Gene (August 10, 1981). "'Heavy Metal' a fine but disturbing cartoon". Chicago Tribune. Section 2, p. 8.
  11. Benson, Sheila (August 7, 1981). "'Heavy Metal' ... And the Zap Goes On." Los Angeles Times. Part VI, p. 9.
  12. Pym, John (December 1981). "Heavy Metal". The Monthly Film Bulletin. 48 (575): 246.
  13. Maltin, Leonard (1998). Leonard Maltin's 1999 Movie & Video Guide. Signet. p. 582. ISBN 0-451-19582-5.
  14. John, Christopher (November 1981). "Film & Television". Ares Magazine. Simulations Publications, Inc. (11): 22.
  15. Imagining Heavy Metal, 1999
  16. David McCutcheon (January 20, 2011). "Heavy Metal Rocks Best Buy". IGN.
  17. Adams, Bret. "Heavy Metal - Original Soundtrack". AllMusic. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
  18. Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
  19. Billboard Mainstream Rock songs, September 19, 1981
  20. Konow, David. "35 Years Ago: Sammy Hagar, Black Sabbath and More Appear on 'Heavy Metal' Soundtrack". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  21. Heavy Metal: The Score from ScreenArchives.com
  22. Michael Fleming (March 13, 2008). "Par, Fincher put pedal to 'Metal' Eastman, Miller to direct animated segments". Variety. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  23. Orlando Parfitt (July 14, 2008). "Fincher's Heavy Metal on Hold Paramount drops sci-fi/fantasy project". IGN. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  24. Nicole Sperling (July 9, 2008). "David Fincher's 'Heavy Metal' remake a no-go at Paramount". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 30, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  25. Alex Billington (September 4, 2008). "Zack Snyder, Gore Verbinski, Guillermo del Toro Directing Heavy Metal Segments?". firstshowing.net. Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  26. Fleming, Mike. "Fincher Brings Mettle To Passion Project". Deadline.
  27. ComingSoon.net (June 6, 2009). "James Cameron Forging a Piece of Heavy Metal". comingsoon.net. Retrieved June 6, 2009.
  28. MTV News (August 25, 2010). "David Fincher Can't Get Funding for "Heavy Metal"". worstpreviews.com. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  29. ComingSoon.net (July 21, 2011). "SDCC: Robert Rodriguez Takes Heavy Metal". comingsoon.net. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
  30. ScreenRant.com (March 11, 2014). "Robert Rodriguez May Bring 'Heavy Metal' to TV; Prepared to Make 'Sin City 3'". screenrant.com. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  31. Schwartz, Terri (February 16, 2019). "How David Fincher and Tim Miller's Heavy Metal Reboot Became Netflix's Love, Death & Robots". IGN. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
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