Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. (February 14, 1866 in New York City – January 21, 1929 in Washington, D.C.) was an American entomologist.

"Harrison G. Dyar" redirects here. For Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.'s father, see Harrison Gray Dyar.

Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.
Born(1866-02-14)February 14, 1866
New York City, U.S.
DiedJanuary 21, 1929(1929-01-21) (aged 62)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology (B.S.)
Columbia University (M.A.)
Columbia University (Ph.D.)
Years active1889–1929
Known forScientist, entomologist
Parent(s)Harrison Gray Dyar, Eleonora Rosella Hunt
RelativesHarrison Gray Otis (second cousin)

Early life

He was a son of Harrison Gray Dyar and his wife Eleonora Rosella (née Hannum).[1][2] Dyar graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1889 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry. He had begun to study insects as a young teenager,[1][3] and soon after his graduation from college began publishing scientific papers about them, in particular moths of the family Limacodidae,[1] starting a lifelong interest in entomology. He was awarded a Master of Arts degree in biology from Columbia University in 1894, with his thesis on the classification of Lepidoptera, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1895, with his dissertation on airborne bacteria in New York City.[1][4]

Taxonomy

Dyar was a taxonomist who published extensively on moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera), mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), and sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) during his working lifetime.[4] His first job was as assistant bacteriologist of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University from 1895 to 1897.[4] From 1897 until his death he was honorary custodian of Lepidoptera at the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C.[4] Dyar was independently wealthy and for a major part of his 31 years at the USNM he worked without compensation; his independence also made it possible for him to travel and collect extensively within North America.[4]

Dyar's Law, a biological rule named for him in recognition of his original observations on the geometric progression in head capsule widths during the larval development of Lepidoptera, is a standard tool for studying immature insects.[1] An earlier publication in 1886 by W.K. Brooks independently described the same phenomenon in crustaceans,[5][6] and therefore the variant term "Brooks-Dyar Law" (or "Brooks Rule" or "Brooks-Dyar Rule") also commonly appears in the literature.[7]

Dyar was editor of the Journal of the New York Entomological Society from 1904 to 1907 and of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington from 1909 to 1912; from 1913 to 1926 he published and edited his own taxonomic journal, Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus.[4] Dyar and Frederick Knab were primarily responsible for the taxonomic portions of The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies, published, with co-author L. O. Howard, in four volumes from 1912–1917.[4]

Dyar was also noted for his intellectual and at times acerbic exchanges with fellow entomologists, for example, in correspondence with Clara Southmayd Ludlow,[8] he engaged in a "protracted, spectacularly belligerent feud with fellow entomologists".[9]

In 1924, Dyar was commissioned a captain in the Sanitary Department of the U.S. Army Reserve Officers Corps because of his background in the study of mosquitoes.[10]

Personal

Dyar was a bigamist, "for fourteen years he was married to two women, maintaining two families with five children in all."[1][9] He married Zella M. Peabody of Los Angeles, a music teacher in 1889. They had two children.[1] This marriage ended in 1920.[9] But in 1906, using the alias of Wilfred P. Allen, Dyar married Wellesca Pollock.[9] In 1921, now divorced from Peabody, Dyar legally married Pollock; they had three sons.[1]

Pollock was an educator and ardent disciple of the Baháʼí Faith.[1] After his legal marriage to Pollock, Dyar became active in the Baháʼí Faith, and edited an independent Baháʼí journal, Reality, from 1922 until his death.[1]

During the 1920s, Dyar's hobby of tunnel building was discovered when a truck broke through into a labyrinth of tunnels near his former home in Washington, D.C.[1][2][9]

Dyar was a second cousin of American Civil War soldier and publisher Harrison Gray Otis.[11]

gollark: And it gets autorun for no good reason.
gollark: Yes, you can just boot into linux and muck with windows files given physical access, but it's more of an issue if you have, I don't know, a CD with that stuff on it.
gollark: Yes, programs of sufficient complexity will basically always have security problems. Doesn't mean they need to deliberately add them!
gollark: (hint: it's not)
gollark: Oh, and Windows is secure now?

References
  1. Pamela M. Henson: Dyar, Harrison Gray Jr., Baháʼí Library Online, http://bahai-library.com/henson_harrison_dyar. Retrieved Nov 5, 2010.
  2. Marc E. Epstein and Pamela M. Henson. 1992. Digging for Dyar, The Man Behind the Myth. American Entomologist 38:148–169.
  3. Frank E. Dyer: Dyer Families of New England, Descendants of Thomas Dyer of Weymouth, Mass, http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~dyer/. Retrieved Nov 5, 2010.
  4. Kenneth L. Knight & Ruth B. Pugh. 1974. A Bibliography of Mosquito Writings of H. G. Dyar and Frederick Knab. Mosquito Systematics 6(1): 11–26.
  5. Brooks WK 1886. Report on the Stomatopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. In: The voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, report 45, vol.16
  6. Crosby, T.K. 1973 Dyar's rule predated by Brooks' rule. New Zealand Entomologist: 5 (2):175-176
  7. Daly, H.V. 1985 Insect morphometrics. Annual Review of Entomology 30: 415-438
  8. Ronald R. Ward. 1987. Biography of Clara Southmayd Ludlow 1852–1924. Mosquito Systematics 19(3): 251–258, edited reprinting of information first published by James B. Kitzmiller: Anopheline Names, Their Derivations and Histories, The Thomas Say Foundation, Vol. VIII, 1982, pp. 316–321.
  9. Foster, William (January 14, 2016). Campbell, Philip (ed.). "A life of insects and ire". Nature. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. 529 (7585): 152–3. doi:10.1038/529152a. ISSN 0028-0836.
  10. Terry L. Carpenter and Terry A. Klein. 2011. 2011 AMCA Memorial Lecture Honoree: Dr. Harrison Gray Dyar Jr. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 27(3):336–343.
  11. Harrison Gray Dyar Jr.: A Preliminary Genealogy of the Dyar Family, Gibson Bros., Printers, Washington, D.C., 1903, p. 16.

Further reading
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