Harmothoe

Harmothoe is a genus of marine Polychaete worms belonging to the family Polynoidae. The name comes from an Amazon.

Harmothoe
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Annelida
Class:	Polychaeta
Order:	Phyllodocida
Family:	Polynoidae
Genus:	Harmothoe Kinberg, 1856
Type species
Harmothoe spinosa Kinberg, 1856

The genus is one of many in the family that contain bioluminescent species.[1]

Species

The genus Harmothoe includes 152 species as of June 2020[2]:

• Harmothoe abyssicola Bidenkap, 1895
• Harmothoe aculeata Andrews, 1891
• Harmothoe acuminata Willey, 1902
• Harmothoe aequespina (Langerhans, 1884)
• Harmothoe africana Augener, 1918
• Harmothoe africanus (Hartman, 1976)
• Harmothoe anoculata (Hartmann-Schröder, 1975)
• Harmothoe antarctica (McIntosh, 1885)
• Harmothoe antilopes McIntosh, 1876
• Harmothoe areolata (Grube, 1860)
• Harmothoe asiatica Uschakov & Wu, 1962
• Harmothoe aspera (Hansen, 1878)
• Harmothoe assimilis (Örsted, 1843)
• Harmothoe atra Horst, 1915
• Harmothoe augeneri Salazar-Silva, 2010
• Harmothoe australis Kirkegaard, 1995
• Harmothoe balboensis Monro, 1928
• Harmothoe bellani Barnich & Fiege, 2000
• Harmothoe benthaliana McIntosh, 1885
• Harmothoe benthophila Ehlers, 1913
• Harmothoe beringiana Annenkova, 1952
• Harmothoe borealis (Théel, 1879)
• Harmothoe branchiata Hartman, 1976
• Harmothoe campoglacialis Hilbig & Montiel, 2000
• Harmothoe capensis (Willey, 1904)
• Harmothoe capitulifera Ditlevsen, 1911
• Harmothoe casabullicola Brito, Nuñez & Bacallado, 1991
• Harmothoe cascabullicola Brito, Núñez & Bacallado, 1991
• Harmothoe cedrici Barnich, Beuck & Freiwald, 2013
• Harmothoe charlottae Hutchings & Murray, 1984
• Harmothoe ciliata Monro, 1936
• Harmothoe cilielytris Uschakov, 1962
• Harmothoe clavigera (M. Sars, 1863)
• Harmothoe coeliaca de Saint-Joseph, 1888
• Harmothoe commensalis Rozbaczylo & Cañete, 1993
• Harmothoe cornuta (Potts, 1910)
• Harmothoe craigsmithi Pettibone, 1993
• Harmothoe crassicirrata Johnson, 1897
• Harmothoe crosetensis (McIntosh, 1885)
• Harmothoe crucis (Grube, 1856)
• Harmothoe cylindrica Imajima, 1997
• Harmothoe dannyi Barnich, Beuck & Freiwald, 2013
• Harmothoe dearborni Pettibone, 1955
• Harmothoe derjugini (Annenkova, 1937)
• Harmothoe dictyophora (Grube, 1878)
• Harmothoe dinardensis Nolte, 1936
• Harmothoe discoveryae Pettibone, 1993
• Harmothoe eltanina (Hartman, 1967)
• Harmothoe ernesti Augener, 1931
• Harmothoe evei Kirkegaard, 1980
• Harmothoe exanthema (Grube, 1856)
• Harmothoe extenuata (Grube, 1840)
• Harmothoe fernandi Barnich & Fiege, 2009
• Harmothoe flaccida (Potts, 1910)
• Harmothoe forcipata (Marenzeller, 1902)
• Harmothoe fragilis Moore, 1910
• Harmothoe fraserthomsoni McIntosh, 1897
• Harmothoe fuligineum (Baird, 1865)
• Harmothoe fullo (Grube, 1878)
• Harmothoe fusca (McIntosh, 1885)
• Harmothoe fuscaspinae Salazar-Silva, 2003
• Harmothoe gilchristi Day, 1960
• Harmothoe glabra (Malmgren, 1865)
• Harmothoe globifera (Sars G.O., 1873)
• Harmothoe globosa Pettibone, 1990
• Harmothoe glomerosa Imajima, 1997
• Harmothoe gordae Pettibone, 1990
• Harmothoe goreensis Augener, 1918
• Harmothoe grisea (Grube, 1870)
• Harmothoe gruzovi Averincev, 1972
• Harmothoe hanleyi Salazar-Silva, 2010
• Harmothoe helderensis Nolte, 1936
• Harmothoe hirsuta Johnson, 1897
• Harmothoe hollisi Pettibone, 1989
• Harmothoe holothuricola Izuka, 1912
• Harmothoe hyalonemae Martin, Rossel & Uriz, 1992
• Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Harmothoe impar (Johnston, 1839)
• Harmothoe ingolfiana Ditlevsen, 1917
• Harmothoe johnstoni (McIntosh, 1876)
• Harmothoe joubini Fauvel, 1913
• Harmothoe juvenalis Hartmann-Schröder, 1962
• Harmothoe kieliensis Nolte, 1936
• Harmothoe lanceocirrata Treadwell, 1928
• Harmothoe liaoi Barnich, Sun & Fiege, 2004
• Harmothoe longidentis Salazar-Silva, 2003
• Harmothoe longisetis (Grube, 1863)
• Harmothoe macginitiei Pettibone, 1955
• Harmothoe macnabi Pettibone, 1985
• Harmothoe macquoriensis Averincev, 1978
• Harmothoe macrolepidota (Schmarda, 1861)
• Harmothoe madrynensis Barnich, Orensanz & Fiege, 2012
• Harmothoe magellanica (McIntosh, 1885)
• Harmothoe marerubrum Wehe, 2006
• Harmothoe mariannae Barnich & Fiege, 2009
• Harmothoe melanicornis Britaev, 1981
• Harmothoe meteroae Augener, 1931
• Harmothoe micraspis Eliason, 1962
• Harmothoe muiri Salazar-Silva, 2010
• Harmothoe multisetosa (Moore, 1902)
• Harmothoe norvegica Bidenkap, 1895
• Harmothoe notochaetosa Lopez & San Martín, 1996
• Harmothoe oculinarum (Storm, 1879)
• Harmothoe ornatus (Hartman, 1967)
• Harmothoe pagenstecheri Michaelsen, 1896
• Harmothoe panamensis Kirkegaard, 1995
• Harmothoe paraminuta Hartmann-Schröder, 1984
• Harmothoe paxtoni Averincev, 1978
• Harmothoe pentactae (Giard, 1886)
• Harmothoe picta Saint-Joseph, 1888
• Harmothoe pokoui Intes & Le Loeuff, 1975
• Harmothoe praeclara (Haswell, 1883)
• Harmothoe profunda Day, 1963
• Harmothoe propinqua (Malmgren, 1867)
• Harmothoe pulchella (Kinberg, 1856)
• Harmothoe quadriceps Grube in Augener, 1922
• Harmothoe quadrituberculata Augener, 1922
• Harmothoe rarispina (M. Sars, 1861)
• Harmothoe reticulata (Claparède, 1870)
• Harmothoe rottnestensis Hanley, 1993
• Harmothoe ruthae Miranda & Brasil, 2014
• Harmothoe saldanha Day, 1953
• Harmothoe sanctaehelenae Day, 1949
• Harmothoe serrata Day, 1963
• Harmothoe setosissima (Lamarck, 1818)
• Harmothoe sexdentata (Marenzeller, 1902)
• Harmothoe sinensis Barnich, Sun & Fiege, 2004
• Harmothoe spinifera (Ehlers, 1864)
• Harmothoe spinosa Kinberg, 1856
• Harmothoe spongicola Hanley & Burke, 1991
• Harmothoe stephensoni Pettibone, 1993
• Harmothoe sylliformia Treadwell, 1928
• Harmothoe synaptae Saint-Joseph, 1906
• Harmothoe tahitiensis Pettibone, 1993
• Harmothoe talismani Roule, 1898
• Harmothoe tenuisetis (McIntosh, 1885)
• Harmothoe triannulata Moore, 1910
• Harmothoe tridestinensis Nolte, 1936
• Harmothoe trimaculata (Treadwell, 1924)
• Harmothoe turbinata Hanley & Burke, 1991
• Harmothoe vagabunda Pettibone, 1985
• Harmothoe vesiculosa Ditlevsen, 1917
• Harmothoe villosa Treadwell, 1926
• Harmothoe vinogradovae Averincev, 1978
• Harmothoe viridis Loshamn, 1981
• Harmothoe viscayensis Nolte, 1936
• Harmothoe vittata Trautsch, 1889
• Harmothoe vossae Salazar-Silva, 2003
• Harmothoe waahli (Kinberg, 1856)
• Harmothoe watsoni McIntosh, 1919
• Harmothoe westoni Salazar-Silva, 2010
• Harmothoe yendoi Izuka, 1912

References

1. Herring, Peter J. (1987). "Systematic distribution of bioluminescence in living organisms". Journal of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence. 1 (3): 147–163. doi:10.1002/bio.1170010303. PMID 3503524.
2. Read, Geoffrey B.; Fauchald, Kristian (2020). "The World Polychaeta Database".