HMS Whiting (1805)

HMS Whiting was a Royal Navy Ballahoo-class schooner (a type of vessel often described as a Bermuda sloop) of four 12-pounder carronades and a crew of 20. The prime contractor for the vessel was Goodrich & Co., in Bermuda, and she was launched in 1805.[1] She was a participant at the Battle of Basque Roads but was captured by a French privateer at the beginning of the War of 1812 after having been taken and released by the Americans in the first naval action of the war.

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Whiting.

History
UK
Name: HMS Whiting
Ordered: 23 June 1803
Builder: Goodrich & Co. (prime contractor), Bermuda
Laid down: 1803
Launched: November 1805
Honours and
awards:		 Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Basque Roads 1809"
Captured:
  • American privateer Dash 8 July 1812; released
  • By French privateer Diligent 22 August 1812
Fate: Unknown
General characteristics [1]
Type: Ballahoo-class schooner
Tonnage: 70​41⁄94 (bm)
Length:
  • 55 ft 2 in (16.8 m) (overall)
  • 40 ft 10 1⁄2 in (12.5 m) (keel)
Beam: 18 ft 0 in (5.5 m)
Depth of hold: 9 ft 0 in (2.7 m)
Sail plan: Schooner
Complement: 20
Armament: 4 x 12-pounder carronades

Napoleonic Wars

In 1805 Whiting was under the command of Lieutenant John Orkney at Halifax on her way to Portsmouth for completion, which took place between 26 April and 19 May 1806.[1] Before that, however, at end-September she captured and sent into Bermuda an American vessel from Bordeaux carrying brandy and wine.[2]

Whiting was commissioned in June 1806 under Lieutenant George Roach for the North Sea.[1] However, already on 18 June Whiting, Moucheron, and the hired armed cutter John Bull arrived at Madeira. They were to join up with a squadron under Sir John Borlase Warren, and they sailed from Madeira to Join it on 21 June.[3]

Even so, Whiting was still or again under the command of Orkney when on 29 November she captured the Spanish lugger Felicided. Orkney had also destroyed another vessel after transferring a small quantity of hides to the Felicidad.[4]

On 7 September 1807 Whiting was part of the fleet at the Battle of Copenhagen.[5]

In January 1808 Lieutenant Henry Wildey assumed command. On 30 June Whiting was in attendance when her sister ship Capelin hit the Parquette Rock off Brest, France and sank.[6]

At the beginning of March 1809 Whiting joined the fleet assembling for an attack on the French fleet in the Basque Roads. William Congreve, who had arrived with a transport, fitted Whiting and the two the hired armed cutters Nimrod and King George with rockets. On 11 April the three vessels took up a position near the Boyart Shoal (see Fort Boyard) while fireships made a night attack on the French ships. The next day all three, together with a number of other vessels, opened fire upon the French ships Océan, Régulus, and the frigate Indienne, as those ships lay aground. The first two eventually escaped, and the last was one of four eventually destroyed, though by her own crew some days later to avoid capture.[7][Note 1] In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the issuance of the Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Basque Roads 1809" to all surviving British participants in the battle.[9]

On 13 April Whiting sailed for Portugal. For the next few years she sailed in the Channel, to the west, and to the coast of Spain going as far as Cadiz and Gibraltar. Wildey was promoted to Commander on 3 May 1810.

Whiting sent Mountaineer, Dow, master, into Plymouth, where she arrived on 6 July 1811. Mountaineer had been sailing from London to Honduras when she ran into Whiting off Dungeness, carrying away her main mast, and for and mizzen topmast.[10]

On 20 December 1811 Whiting left Plymouth for Padstow, to assist the gun brig Bloodhound, which had run on shore near there.

In 1812 Lieutenant Lewis Maxey assumed command of Whiting. On 1 May he sailed for the Americas.

War of 1812

Whiting did not survive the opening months of the War of 1812. Having sailed from Plymouth, she entered Hampton Roads on 8 July 1812 with despatches for the American government, and lowered her anchor.[11] Unfortunately war had been declared about two weeks earlier. As Maxey was being rowed ashore, the Norfolk privateer Dash,[12][13] under Captain Garroway, was leaving port and captured her. Dash had one large gun on a pivot and a crew of 80. Not only were a third of Whiting's crew in her boat, the rest were not at the guns as they were unaware that Britain and the United States were now at war.[14]</ref>[Note 2]

This could have been the first naval capture of the war. However, Whiting was carrying official dispatches for the American government, which ordered her release.[18][19] Instead, the first capture by either side was the British capture of USS Nautilus on 16 July.

In mid-August, the US Revenue Cutter Gallatin led Whiting out to the Hampton Roads and turned over to Maxey her crew "at the place where they were taken". The Americans then ordered Maxey to quit American waters with all possible speed.[20]

Fate

Shortly after Whiting left Hampton Roads for England, on 22 August the French 18-gun privateer brig Diligent, under Alexis Grassin, captured her.[1][11][21] On 8 September Diligent would capture the 10-gun schooner HMS Laura.[22][23]

Post-script

On 21 July HMS Bloodhound came into the Chesapeake, not aware that war had broken out. The privateer Cora took possession of Bloodhound. The US Government released Bloodhound and sent her back to Plymouth with despatches.

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gollark: I'm sure I'll find it eventually.
gollark: It's classified.
gollark: I already wrote malloc and came up with the floating pointers idea.

See also

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

  1. Head money was paid in March 1819. An ordinary seaman received 13 shillings; a first-class share was worth £86 13s 2¼d.[8]
  2. Later in 1812 HMS Rhodian and Variable captured Dash.[15][16][17]

Citations

  1. Winfield (2008), p. 359.
  2. Lloyd's List №4280.
  3. Lloyd's List №4070.
  4. "No. 16098". The London Gazette. 19 December 1807. p. 1707.
  5. "No. 16275". The London Gazette. 11 July 1809. p. 1103.
  6. Gosset (1986), p. 65.
  7. James (1837a), pp. 103-122, Vol. 5.
  8. "No. 17458". The London Gazette. 9 March 1819. p. 450.
  9. "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 242.
  10. Lloyd's List №4578.
  11. Gosset (1986), pp. 84–85.
  12. Cranwell & Crane (1940), p. 185.
  13. Lloyd's List №4702.
  14. James (1837b), p. 91, Vol. 6.
  15. "No. 16684". The London Gazette. 22 December 1812. p. 2571.
  16. Lloyd's List 29 December 1812, №4732.
  17. Emmons (1853), pp. 174–5.
  18. Gardiner (1998), p. 38.
  19. Hepper (1994), p. 140.
  20. Niles' national register, containing political, historical, geographical, scientifical, statistical, economical, and biographical documents, essays and facts: together with notices of the arts and manufactures, and a record of the events of the times. Vol. 2, p.432."
  21. Hepper (1994), p. 141.
  22. Lloyd's List №4712.
  23. Grocott (1997), p. 343.

References

  • Cranwell, John Philips; Crane, William Bowers (1940). Men of marque; a history of private armed vessels out of Baltimore during the War of 1812. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
  • Emmons, George Foster (1853). The navy of the United States, from the commencement, 1775 to 1853; with a brief history of each vessel’s service and fate ... Comp. by Lieut. George F. Emmons ... under the authority of the Navy Dept. To which is added a list of private armed vessels, fitted out under the American flag ... also a list of the revenue and coast survey vessels, and principal ocean steamers, belonging to citizens of the United States in 1850. Washington: Gideon & Co.
  • Gosset, William Patrick (1986). The lost ships of the Royal Navy, 1793-1900. Mansell. ISBN 0-7201-1816-6.
  • Grocott, Terence (1997). Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras. London: Chatham. ISBN 1861760302.
  • Gardiner, Robert (1998). The Naval War of 1812. Annapolis, Maryland: The Naval Institute Press.
  • Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650–1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
  • James, William (1837a). The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV. 5. R. Bentley.
  • James, William (1837b). The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV. 6. R. Bentley.
  • Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.
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