HMS Dartmouth (1655)

HMS Dartmouth was a small frigate or fifth-rate ship, one of six ordered by the English Council of State on 28 December 1654 and built in 1655.

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Dartmouth.

A fifth-rate warship being refitted sketched by Willem van de Velde the Younger, believed to be Dartmouth
History
England
Name: HMS Dartmouth
Ordered: 28 December 1654
Builder: Portsmouth Dockyard
Cost: £1,693-5-0d
Launched: 22 September 1655
Commissioned: 1655
Fate: Wrecked 9 October 1690
General characteristics
Class and type: 22-gun fifth-rate frigate
Tons burthen: 260.7 tons bm
Length: 80 ft (24.4 m) (keel)
Beam: 24 ft 9 in (7.5 m)
Depth of hold: 10 ft (3.0 m)
Propulsion: Sails
Sail plan: Full rigged ship
Armament:
  • initially 22 guns of various weights of shot
  • raised subsequently in stages to 36 guns

Design

Dartmouth was one of a number of ships built for The Protectorate by John Tippetts, Master Shipwright at Portsmouth Dockyard from 1650 to 1668.[1] Tippetts learned his trade working in Denmark, which employed Dutch ship-building techniques; the archaeological survey indicates these were used to build Dartmouth, the only known English example.[2]

Service

Anglo-Dutch Wars

On April 1666, in the Second Anglo-Dutch War, Dartmouth together with the larger (fourth-rate) frigate Sapphire and the 12-gun Little Gift captured three Dutch armed merchant ships off the coast of Ireland.[3]

On 28 May 1672, Dartmouth took part in the Battle of Solebay, the opening battle of the Third Anglo-Dutch War.[4][5]

Barbary Pirates

In 1676–1677, Dartmouth served in the Mediterranean against the Barbary Pirates. She was part of Rear Admiral John Narborough's squadron, which fought pirates based in Tripoli and in Algiers.[4][6][7]

Williamite-Jacobite wars

On 1 May 1689 Dartmouth, by now mounting 36 guns, took part in the Battle of Bantry Bay, in which a fleet of 24 French war ships, covering the landing of equipment for Irish Jacobite forces in the south-west of Ireland fought 19 English war ships. The French had the better of the battle, badly damaging the English ships, but failed to press their advantage.[8][9]

Later in that same year Dartmouth, commanded by Captain John Leake, participated in the relief of the Siege of Derry. The town of Derry (or Londonderry) in northern Ireland was at that time besieged by supporters of James II and defended by northern Irish Protestants supporting King William. The town lies on the River Foyle near its mouth on Lough Foyle and can be reached by ship.

In May and June 1689 Dartmouth escorted a convoy from England to northern Ireland that brought a relief force commanded by Major-General Percy Kirke destined for Derry. On 17 May 1689 the convoy sailed from Liverpool[10] with 24 transport ships, escorted by 3 men-of-war (HMS Swallow, HMS Bonaventure, and HMS Dartmouth). The fleet carried 4 battalions (about 2000 men). It arrived early in June in Lough Foyle off Derry.

As the access to Derry from Lough Foyle by the river was defended by shore batteries and blocked by a boom across the river, Kirke did not dare to approach the town through the river. However, an desperate last-minute attempt succeeded on the 28 July. The Dartmouth engaged the shore batteries, while the armed merchant ship Mountjoy rammed and breached the boom. The Mountjoy and another armed merchant, the Phoenix, forced their way past the defences to Derry, relieving the siege.[11]

In 1690 Dartmouth was employed in operations on the west coast of Scotland against Jacobite rebels. On 9 October she (and two smaller ships) were on a mission to persuade the MacLeans of Duart to sign Articles of Allegiance to William III and Mary II, and were sailing up the Sound of Mull when they encountered a heavy storm and anchored to ride out the poor weather. Dartmouth's anchor cables ported, however, and she was driven onto rocks and wrecked, with the loss of most of her crew, including her commanding officer, Edward Pottinger.[12][13]

Discovery of the Wreck
Location of the wreck of HMS Dartmouth in Argyll and Bute.[14]

In 1973 divers from Bristol discovered a wreck on the north coast of the island Eilean Rudha an Ridire in the Sound of Mull. A recovered brass bell confirmed it as the wreck of HMS Dartmouth[15] and the wreck subsequently underwent three years of archaeological survey. Twenty iron guns of varying types were identified and parts of the ship's hull were recovered for closer examination. A varied selection of 17th century military, navigational, medical and domestic items were also recovered. The archaeological study supported traditional accounts of the ship's wrecking [16] and showed that parts of Dartmouth's construction differed from conventional methods.

Dartmouth's brass bell

On 11 April 1974, the wrecksite was one of the first to be designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act. It was redesignated on 25 June 1992. The site became a Historic Maritime Protected Area in 2013.[17]

gollark: With some sort of weird coatings.
gollark: Apparently, aluminium or glass/ceramic.
gollark: Plus probably some more for overheads.
gollark: Ah, but if you want to just destroy the Earth by splitting it into unreasonably small pieces, you just need enough antimatter to overcome the gravitational binding energy.
gollark: Destroying (well, damaging in the longish run) human civilization, yes, that's quite easy, but the *Earth*?

See also

References
  1. "John Tippetts". Three Decks. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  2. Hemingway 2002, p. 47.
  3. Clowes 1898, p. 428: "In April Captain Jasper Grant in the 'Sapphire, 38, with the Dartmouth, 22, and the Little Gift, 12, in company, took three well-armed Dutch merchantmen off the Irish coast ..."
  4. "NMM, vessel ID 369846" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol V. National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  5. Roger 2006, pp. 81–82
  6. Roger 2006, pp. 88–89
  7. Clowes 1898, pp. 450–451
  8. Clowes 1898, pp. 327–329
  9. Roger 2006, p. 143
  10. Witherow, Thomas (1879). Derry and Enniskillen in the Year 1689. London & Belfast: William Mallan & Son. p. 141. They set sail from Liverpool on the 17th of May; but were delayed by contrary winds.
  11. Clowes 1898, pp. 331"On 28 July, under heavy fire, the Mountjoy led the perilous attempt ... The Dartmouth had rendered valuable aid in covering the merchantmen and in assisting to sweep the banks of the river with her guns ..."
  12. "HMS Dartmouth". Lochaline Dive Centre. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  13. Clowes 1898, p. 535
  14. "Historic Marine Protected Area: Dartmouth". Historic Environment Scotland. 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  15. Adnams 1974, p. 272
  16. Martin 1998, p. 83
  17. Historic Environment Scotland. "Dartmouth Historic MPA (HMPA6)". Retrieved 20 December 2018.

Sources

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