Hälsingland Rune Inscription 21

The Hälsingland Runic Inscription 21 is a Viking Age memorial runestone cataloged as Hs 21 under Rundata, located in Jättendal, Nordanstig Municipality, Hälsingland, Sweden. It is notable for being crafted by a female runemaster.

Hälsingland Rune Inscription 21
Created11th Century
DiscoveredNordanstig, Hälsingland, Sweden
Rundata IDHs 21
RunemasterGunnborga
Text – Native
Old Norse : Ásmundr ok Farþegn, þeir réttu stein þenna eptir Þorketil, fôður sinn, á Vatrungum. Gunnborga fáði stein þenna, hin góða.
Translation
Ásmundr and Farthegn, they erected this stone in memory of Thorketill of Vattrång, their father. Gunnborga the good coloured this stone.

Description

This runestone consists of runic text carved within a band that curves along the stone. The granite runestone, which is two meters in height, is classified as being carved in a runestone style known as RAK. The inscription states that the runemaster, Gunnborga, "painted" the runes. She is the only known female rune carver during this time period in Scandinavia. The runic text uses the word fahido, "painted", also translated as "carved" or "inscribed."[1] Although many runestones had their inscriptions painted, there is no direct evidence that this particular runestone was painted.

Of the personal names in the inscription, Ásmundr means "Divine Hand"[2] and Farthegn means either "Far-Travelling Thegn" or "Far-Traveling Warrior."[3] The name Thorketill or Þorketil, which includes as a theophoric name element the Norse pagan god Thor, signifies a "Vessel of Thor" or "Kettle of Thor", possibly a type of sacrificial cauldron.[4] The Poetic Edda poem Hymiskviða includes a story of Thor fetching a large cauldron to brew ale.

Inscription

A transliteration of the runic inscription into roman letters is:

asmuntr * ok fa[r]þ[i]k[l] * þiʀ ritu stin * þina * aftiʀ þu[rkatil * faþur sin * a utrunkum * k]unburka faþ[i stin þina in kuþa][5]
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References
  1. Antonsen, Elmer H. (2002). Runes and Germanic Linguistics. Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 280–289. ISBN 3-11-017462-6.
  2. Yonge, Charlotte Mary (2004). History of Christian Names. Kessinger Publishing. pp. xxxix. ISBN 978-0-7661-8321-6.
  3. Harrison, Henry (1996). Surnames of the United Kingdom: A Concise Etymological Dictionary. Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 143. ISBN 0-8063-0171-6.
  4. Grimm, Jacob (1882). Teutonic Mythology. 1. Translated by Stallybrass, James Steven. George Bell & Sons. pp. 186–187.
  5. Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk Archived 2011-08-11 at WebCite - Rundata entry for Hs 21.
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