Guoyu (book)

The Guoyu (Chinese: 國語), usually translated Discourses of the States, is an ancient Chinese text that consists of a collection of speeches attributed to rulers and other men from the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 BC). It comprises a total of 240 speeches, ranging from the reign of King Mu of Zhou (r. 956–918 BC) to the execution of the Jin minister Zhibo in 453 BC.[1] Its author is unknown, but it is sometimes attributed to Zuo Qiuming, a contemporary of Confucius. Guoyu was probably compiled beginning in the 5th century BC and continuing to the late 4th century BC. The earliest chapter of the compilation is the Discourses of Zhou.[2]

Guoyu

Author	unknown
Original title	國語
Country	Zhou dynasty China
Language	Classical Chinese
Subject	History of Spring and Autumn period states
Publication date	4th century BC

Guoyu
Traditional Chinese	國語
Simplified Chinese	国语
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Guóyǔ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Gwoyeu Wade–Giles Kuo-yü IPA [kwǒ.ỳ] Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Gwok-yúh Jyutping Gwok^3-jyu^5 IPA [kʷɔ̄ːk̚.jy̬ː] Southern Min Tâi-lô Kok-gí Middle Chinese Middle Chinese Kwok-ngjó Old Chinese Baxter–Sagart (2014) *[C.q]ˤʷək ŋ(r)aʔ

Contents

Guoyu overlaps with the period, people, events in the Zuo zhuan.[3] It comprises eight books covering the Zhou court and seven of the feudal states, divided into 21 chapters:

#	Chinese	Pinyin	Translation	Chapters
1	周語	Zhōu Yǔ	Discourses of Zhou	3
2	魯語	Lǔ Yǔ	Discourses of Lu	2
3	齊語	Qí Yǔ	Discourses of Qi	1
4	晉語	Jìn Yǔ	Discourses of Jin	9
5	鄭語	Zhèng Yǔ	Discourses of Zheng	1
6	楚語	Chǔ Yǔ	Discourses of Chu	2
7	吳語	Wú Yǔ	Discourses of Wu	1
8	越語	Yuè Yǔ	Discourses of Yue	2

References

Citations

1. Shih & Knechtges (2010), p. 308.
2. Chang, Boltz & Loewe (1993), p. 264.
3. durrant (2017), p. 189. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFdurrant2017 (help)

Sources

• Chang, I-jen; et al. (1993). "Kuo yü 國語". In Loewe, Michael (ed.). Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley. pp. 263–268. ISBN 1-55729-043-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Durrant, Stephen (2017). "Chapter 13: Histories (Shi 史)". In Denecke, Wiebke; Li, Wai-Yee; Tian, Xiaofei (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature (1000 BCE-900CE) (e-book ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 189.
• Kern, Martin (2010). "Early Chinese literature, Beginnings through Western Han". The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Volume 1: To 1375. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–115. ISBN 978-0-521-11677-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Shih, Hsiang-lin; et al. (2010). "Guoyu 國語". Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide, Part One. Leiden: Brill. pp. 308–311. ISBN 978-90-04-19127-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Guoyu Original text in Chinese
• Guoyu 《國語》 Chinese text with matching English vocabulary