Guillaume Delcourt

Guillaume Delcourt (31 March 1825 – 2 February 1898) was a Belgian Royal Navy officer, navigator, naval engineer, and maritime advisor to King Leopold II. He was one of the major players of early Belgian expansion around the world.[2]

Lieutenant at sea, 1st class

Guillaume Delcourt

Off. OL, Military Cross, ComC
Portrait of Delcourt
(lithography by Louis-Joseph Ghémar, 1854)[1]
Birth nameGuillaume-Louis Delcourt
Born31 March 1825
Brussels
Died2 February 1898 (at 72)
Antwerp
Allegiance Kingdom of Belgium
Service/branch Belgian Navy
Rank Lieutenant at sea, 1st class
Battles/warsBattle of Rio Nunez
AwardsOfficer of the Order of Leopold, Military Cross, Commander of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
Alma mater Royal Military Academy
École Nationale Supérieure du Génie Maritime (ENSTA Paris)
Spouse(s)Laurence Hortense Joséphine Lambrechts (b. 1832)

Biography

Early years and family

Guillaume Delcourt's parents died young, leaving him an orphan as a child. His mother was Barbara Wittouck (died in Brussels on 17 June 1830), daughter of the jurisconsult Guillaume Wittouck, whom Delcourt was named after. His father Napoleon Joseph Delcourt, a brewer born in Ath, was injured while fighting for the Belgian Revolution in 1830[3] and died three years later in Antwerp on 30 July 1833. After the death of his parents he was raised by his mother's sister, Jeanne Wittouck and her husband Jean-Louis Van Dievoet, Secretary of the Belgian Supreme Court. He descends from the Houses of Serhuyghs, Sleeus, t'Serroelofs, Coudenbergh, and Roodenbeke of the Seven Noble Houses of Brussels through his mother.

Education

After a brief career in banking, Delcourt was admitted at the Royal Military Academy in 1842 as an officer candidate of 2nd class. He graduated after 2 years as an officer candidate of 1st class.

Career

Starting in, 1845 he sailed on the Macassar on board which he had to face numerous challenges in the China Seas: typhoons, storms, grounding, etc.. He then sailed for Batavia. While in route for Singapore in 1847, his ship was attacked by pirates in the Riau straight. On his way back it was almost shipwrecked.

Belgian and French warships during the Rio Nuñez Incident by Paul Jean Clays

Delcourt, then aboard the Louise Marie, sails for the Rio Nunez, where Leopold I had created a colony, and arrived there on 10 February 1849. He participated in the Rio Nuñez incident on 23 March 1849. During his return, his ship silted up and found itself in a bad position, taking shots from partisans of Mayoré, but was saved by the Africans that stayed loyal to the Belgians.[4][5]

After this successful campaign, Leopold I promoted him to the rank of Ensign at sea.

He makes another trip in 1850 to the Rio Nunez but the situation had worsened. He then leaves for the Belgian colony of Santo-Thomas in Guatemala that was also collapsing.[6]

In 1851, he leaves once more on board the Louise-Marie to the Rio Nunez; while on the island of Gorée, the Belgians receive a message from the consul of Belgium L. Bols-Wittouck, a cousin of Delcourt, asking them to get back to Rio-Nunez rapidly as the situation was getting worse.

Delcourt was made Lieutenant at sea, 1st class on 1 July 1863.[2]

His wife, Laurence Lambrechts, daughter of Dr Pierre Joseph Lambrechts, Burgomaster of Hoboken.

In 1865, he was named engineer of maritime constructions, he helped develop the port of Antwerp. He became the maritime advisor of Leopold II and advised the king on the necessary maritime equipment for Sir Henry Morton Stanley and his expedition.[2]

Guillaume Delcourt mentioned on the announcement of the death of Jeanne Wittouck, his aunt who raised him after his parents's deaths.

Legacy

His many writings are kept at the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History. These include his logbooks from his travels to Manila, Indonesia, and the West coast of Africa as well as his "extremely interesting" correspondence.[2]

Archives of him are also kept at the Royal Museum for Central Africa.[7]

Publications
  • 1872 : « Cours de navigation » (Navigation lessons).[8]
  • 1875 : « Précis du cours de construction et armement maritimes » (Summary of the maritime construction and armament course), Institut supérieur du commerce, Antwerp.[8]
  • 1876 : « Notice sur la vie et les travaux d'Auguste-Joseph-Ghislain-Aintoine Stessels » (Note on the life and work of Auguste-Joseph-Ghislain-Aintoine Stessels) as a member of the commission directrice des Annales des Travaux publics.[8]
  • 1879 : « Rapport sur l'amélioration des canaux, leur exploitation par réseaux » (Report on the improvement of canals, their exploitation by networks).[8]
  • 1879 : « Analyse de l'ouvrage de M. Finet » (Analysis of the work of M. Finet).[8]
  • 1880 : He collaborated on « Rapport sur les moyens d'étendre les débouchées de la Belgique dans les pays d'outre-mer » (Report on the Ways to extend Belgium's opportunities to overseas countries).[8]
  • 1881 : « Les moyens d'étendre les débouchées de la Belgique dans les pays d'outre-mer » (Ways to extend Belgium's opportunities to overseas countries), in the Bulletin de la Société de Géographie d'Anvers.[8]
  • 1886 : « Rapport sur les bâtiments de tous genres, materiel, etc. » (Report on buildings of all kinds, materials, etc.) as a jury member of group VII of the classes 70, 71 and 72 of the Antwerp World Fair of 1885.[8]
  • 1886 : « Sauvetage maritime, éclairage et balisage des cotres, sauvetage pour incendies et autres accidents » (Maritime rescue, lighting and marking of cutters, rescue for fires and other accidents).[8]
  • 1887 : « Notice sur le Stern-Wheel Ville de Bruxelles » (Notice on the Sternwheeler Ville de Bruxelles), in the Bulletin de la Société de Géographie d'Anvers.[8]
  • 1894 : « Notice sur le gaz à l'eau » (Notice on water gas).[8]

Honours

 Belgium

 Portugal
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See also

References
  1. Another copy of this lithography is kept at the Museum of the Armed Forces, of which a photograph was published in: Louis Leconte, Les ancêtres de notre Force Navale, Brussels, 1952, p.186.
  2. A. Lederer, Guillaume Delcourt, conseiller maritime de Leopold II, in : Biographie belge d’Outremer, 1973, T. VII, col. 165-175. Read online
  3. Auguste de Wargny, Supplément aux esquisses historiques de la première époque de la Révolution de la Belgique en 1830. Du 25 août au 29 septembre – espace de 35 jours, Brussels, published by J.-P. Meline, libraire-éditeur, 1831, p. 29.
  4. Ch. Maroy, La colonie belge du Rio Nunez et l'expédition franco-belge de Bokié en 1849, in: Bulletin d'Études et d'Informations de l'École supérieure du Commerce, Antwerp, September–October, 1930.
  5. A. Demougeot, Histoire du Nunez, in: Bulletin du Comité d'Études Historiques et Scientifiques de l'A.O.F., Volume 21, No. 2, 1938, pp. 177-289 (Mainly chapter IV, Les Belges au Nunez.)
  6. Huguette De Clerck, Le cauchemar guatémaltèque: les Belges au Vera-Paz de 1842 à 1858, s.l. s.n., 2002
  7. "Delcourt, Guillaume | AfricaMuseum - Archives". archives.africamuseum.be. Retrieved 2020-06-19.
  8. Louis Leconte, « Les ancêtres de notre Force Navale », Bruxelles, 1952, pp. 608-611 (biography of Delcourt)

Further reading
  • Charles Maroy, La colonie belge du Rio Nunez et l'expédition franco-belge de Bokié en 1849, in: Bulletin d'Études et d'Informations de l'École supérieure du Commerce, Antwerp, Sept.-Oct., 1930.
  • Antoine Demougeot, Histoire du Nunez, in: Bulletin du Comité d'Études Historiques et Scientifiques de l'A.O.F., Volume 21, No. 2, 1938, pp. 177-289 (mainly chapter 4, Les Belges au Nunez.)
  • Jacques-Robert Leconte, Les tentatives d'expansion coloniale sous le règne de Leopold Ier, Antwerp, 1946.
  • Louis Leconte, Les ancêtres de notre Force navale, Brussels, 1952, pp. 8, 49, 141, 144, 145, 159, 161, 165, 167, 170, 172, 175, 179, 180, 183–186, 189, 191, 192, 195, 196, 255, 544, 568, 584, 585, 608-619, 623, 625.
  • André Lederer, Histoire de la navigation au Congo, Tervuren, 1965.
  • René Massinon, L'entreprise du Rio-Nunez, in: Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Bulletin des Séances, Brussels, 1965, pp. 304–353
  • Académie royale des sciences d'outremer, L'expansion belge sous Léopold Ier, 1831-1865, Brussels, 1965.
  • André Lederer, « Guillaume Delcourt, conseiller maritime de Leopold II », in : Biographie belge d’Outremer, Brussels, 1973, volume VII, col. 165-175.
  • Huguette De Clerck, Le cauchemar guatémaltèque: les Belges au Vera-Paz de 1842 à 1858, s.l. s.n., 200
  • Emile Sinkel, Ma vie de marin, Tome I, Brussels, M.J. Poot et compagnie, 1872, pp. 163, 222, 237, 239, 258.
  • Emile Sinkel, Ma vie de marin, Tome II, Brussels, M.J. Poot et compagnie, 1874, pp. 163, 204, 258, 262.
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