Grammonus waikiki

Grammonus waikiki, or the Waikiki viviparous brotula, is a species of viviparous brotula found in the Hawaiian Islands where it occurs at depths of around 3–18 metres (9.8–59.1 ft).

Grammonus waikiki
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Ophidiiformes
Family: Bythitidae
Genus: Grammonus
Species:
G. waikiki
Binomial name
Grammonus waikiki
(Cohen, 1964)
Synonyms[1]
  • Oligopus waikiki Cohen, 1964
  • Grammonus niger (Gosline, 1953)
  • Microbrotula niger Gosline, 1953

Description

This species grows to a length of 7.2 centimetres (2.8 in) SL.[2] The head and body are brown, while the fins are dark brown.[3]

Taxonomy

Grammonus waikiki was originally named Microbrotula nigra by Terry Gosline in 1953,[4] but was later removed from Microbrotula by Cohen (1964), who transferred the species to Oligopus, as O. niger. However, this referral made nigra a secondary homonym of Oligopus niger Risso, 1827 (a synonym of Grammonus ater), necessitating erection of the replacement name Oligopus waikiki.[5] Later, Oligopus was shown by Nielsen (1999) to be a junior synonym of Pteraclis, so Grammonus was resurrected for all bythitids previously assigned to Oligopus, creating the new combination Grammonus waikiki.[6]

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References
  1. Eschmeyer, W. N.; R. Fricke & R. van der Laan (eds.). "Grammonus waikiki". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2013). "Grammonus waikiki" in FishBase. April 2013 version.
  3. Randall, J.E., 2007. Reef and shore fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu. i-xivb + 1-546.
  4. Gosline, W. A. 1953. Hawaiian shallow-water fishes of the family Brotulidae, with the description of a new genus and notes on brotulid anatomy. Copeia 1953 (no. 4): 215-225.
  5. Cohen, D. M. 1964. A review of the ophidioid fish genus Oligopus with the description of a new species from west Africa. Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 116 (no. 3494): 1-22.
  6. Nielsen, J. G. 1999 [ref. 24753] Order Ophidiiformes. In: Carpenter and Niem 1999 [ref. 24635].


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