Grammodes geometrica

Grammodes geometrica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Erebidae
Genus:	Grammodes
Species:	G. fuccboicus
Binomial name
	Grammodes geometrica; (Fabricius, 1775)
Synonyms
	Noctua geometrica Fabricius, 1775; Phalaena ammonia Cramer, [1779]; Grammodes bifulvata Warren, 1913; Grammodes orientalis Warren, 1913;

Grammodes geometrica is a moth found from the Mediterranean east to Oriental and Australasian tropics of India, Sri Lanka, Java and Australia. The adult is a fruit piercer. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775.[1]

Taxonomy

Grammodes moths were formerly classified in the family Noctuidae. Former noctuid moths are mostly classified in the family Erebidae now, along with all of the former members of the families Arctiidae and Lymantriidae.[2] This reclassification has not yet met with general consensus, and many resources and publications still follow the older classification scheme (e.g.[3]).

Ventral aspects

Description

Its wingspan ranges from 26 to 45 mm. Body greyish brown. Forewings with a large black patch occupying the whole wing except the basal, costal and outer area. Its outer edge waved ad joined by an oblique streak from the apex. Antemedial and postmedial lines curved inwards below the costa with whitish bands outside them on the black patch. The outer part of the postmedial band pale fulvous colored. Hindwings fuscous, with medial pale band. Cilia with white apex and anal angle.[4]

Larva is an elongated semi-looper. Tubercles absent. Head is pale ochreous with black spots. Body with longitudinal red lines dorsally and dorso-laterally. The larvae feed on Phyllanthus, Cistus, Diospyros, Ricinus, Oryza, various grasses, Polygonum, Ziziphus and Tamarix species.[5]

Subspecies

G. g. orientalis Warren, 1913

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References

Herbison-Evans, Don & Crossley, Stella (14 August 2008). "Grammodes geometrica (Fabricius, 1775)". Australian Caterpillars and their Butterflies and Moths. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
Lafontaine, J. D. & Fibiger, M. 2006 Revised higher classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). The Canadian Entomologist. 138, 610–635. doi:10.4039/N06-012
Noctuoidea. Version 10 August 2009 (temporary) in the Tree of Life Web Project
Hampson, G. F. (1894). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II. Taylor and Francis – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
"Grammodes geometrica Fabricius". The Moths of Borneo. Retrieved 16 August 2016.

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[1] Herbison-Evans, Don & Crossley, Stella (14 August 2008). "Grammodes geometrica (Fabricius, 1775)". Australian Caterpillars and their Butterflies and Moths. Retrieved 15 January 2019.

[2] Lafontaine, J. D. & Fibiger, M. 2006 Revised higher classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). The Canadian Entomologist. 138, 610–635. doi:10.4039/N06-012

[3] Noctuoidea. Version 10 August 2009 (temporary) in the Tree of Life Web Project

[4] Hampson, G. F. (1894). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II. Taylor and Francis – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

[5] "Grammodes geometrica Fabricius". The Moths of Borneo. Retrieved 16 August 2016.