Goniothalamus scortechinii

Goniothalamus scortechinii is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand.[2] George King, the British botanist who first formally described the species, named it in honor of Benedetto Scortechini, an Italian priest and member of the Linnean Society of London and New South Wales who collected many important botanical samples in Peninsular Malaysia.[3]

Goniothalamus scortechinii
Botanical illustration of Goniothalamus scortechinii.[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Goniothalamus
Species:
G. scortechinii
Binomial name
Goniothalamus scortechinii

Description

It is a tree reaching 7 meters in height.[4] Its membranous, oblong to lance-shaped leaves are 22-50 by 5.5-19.5 centimeters with short tapering tips and pointed bases. Its leaves have 18-32 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs that arch near the leaf margins. Its petioles are 0.8 centimeters long. Its 3 membranous, rigid, round to oval sepals are 0.8-2.4 by 0.8-2.3 centimeters with shallowly pointed tips and fused at bases. Its solitary (rarely in pairs) flowers are in axillary positions and on pedicels that are 1.27 centimeters long. The pedicels are thicker at their apex, curved downward and have two bracts at their base. Its flowers have 6 petals arranged in two rows of three. The leathery, oblong to lance-shaped outer petals are 1.7-2.5 by 0.8-1.4 centimeters with shallow tips. The outer petals are covered in fine rust colored hairs. The leathering, oval inner petals are 1.3 centimeters long with pointed tips. The inner petals are covered in fine rust colored hairs. Its flowers have 126-180 stamen. Its flowers have 15-32 carpels. Each carpel has 1 ovule, a straight style, and a 2-3 lobed stigma. Its fruit are on pedicels that are 0.8-2.0 centimeters long. The hairless, oval to oblong fruit are 1.1 centimeters long and have persistent calyx. The fruit have pale, smooth, hairless to sparsely hairy seeds.[5][6]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of G. scortechinii is shed as permanent tetrads.[7]

Habitat and distribution

It has been observed growing in rainforests at elevations of 30-500 meters.[6]

Uses

It is commonly called Akar Gajah Beranak and is used in traditional medicine.[8] Bioactive molecules extracted from its leaves have been reported to have antiplasmodial, and antibacterial activity.[9]

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References
  1. King, George (1893). "Anonaceae of British India". Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. 4: plate 141. Retrieved June 15, 2020.
  2. "Goniothalamus scortechinii King". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  3. "Scortechini, Benedetto (1845-1886)". JSTOR. ITHAKA. n.d. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  4. Turner, I. M. (Ian Mark) (1995). "A Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya". The Gardens' bulletin, Singapore. 47. Singapore: National Parks Board. p. 114. ISSN 0374-7859.
  5. King, George (1892). "Materials for a Flora of the Malay Peninsula". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 61 (pt.2:no.1, 3): 1–130.
  6. Saunders, Richard M. K. (2003). "A synopsis of Goniothalamus species (Annonaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia, with a description of a new species". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 142 (3): 321–339. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00177.x. ISSN 1095-8339.
  7. Saunders, Richard M. K.; Chalermglin, Piya (2008). "A synopsis of Goniothalamus species (Annonaceae) in Thailand, with descriptions of three new species". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (3): 355–384. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00762.x. ISSN 0024-4074.
  8. Wiart, Christophe (2007). "GoniothalamusSpecies: A Source of Drugs for the Treatment of Cancers and Bacterial Infections?". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 4 (3): 299–311. doi:10.1093/ecam/nem009. ISSN 1741-427X. PMC 1978243. PMID 17965760.
  9. Siti Najila, M.J; Noor Rain, A; Mohamad Kamel, A.G; Syed Zahir, S.I; Khozirah, S; Lokman Hakim, S; Zakiah, I; Azizol, A.K (2002). "The screening of extracts from Goniothalamus scortechinii, Aralidium pinnatifidum and Andrographis paniculata for anti-malarial activity using the lactate dehydrogenase assay". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 82 (2–3): 239–242. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00183-6. ISSN 0378-8741.
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