Goniothalamus grandiflorus

Goniothalamus grandiflorus is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.[1] It was first formally described by Otto Warburg, a German-Jewish botanist, using the basionym Beccariodendron grandiflorum after its big flowers.[2]

Goniothalamus grandiflorus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Goniothalamus
Species:
G. grandiflorus
Binomial name
Goniothalamus grandiflorus
Synonyms

Beccariodendron grandiflorum Warb.
Oxymitra macrantha Hemsl.

Description

It is a tree with gray smooth branches. Its young branches have rust colored hairs. Its petioles are 1 centimeters long. Its hairless, elliptical to oblong leaves are 20-25 by 8-9 centimeters with tips that taper to a short point and bases that come to a shallow point. The upper surface of leaves are bright colored while the undersides are paler. The leaves have 9-12 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs. Its flowers are on 15 millimeter long pedicels. Its 3 sepals are 10 millimeters wide and 15 millimeters long and are conjoined at their margins for 5 millimeters at their base. The sepals come to a shallow point. Its flowers have 6 petals in two rows of 3. The outer petals are 13 centimeters long and 12 millimeters wide. The inner surface of the outer petals have brown hairs. The inner petals are 15 by 15 millimeters. Its anthers are 2 millimeters long. Its flowers have many carpels, each with 4-6 ovules. Its large fruit consists of up to 40 oval, brown, wrinkled carpels on short stalks. Each carpel in the fruit has 4-6 seeds.[2][3]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of G. grandiflorus is shed as permanent tetrads.[4]

Uses

Bioactive molecules extracted from its bark, leaves and flowers have been reported to have antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.[5]

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References
  1. "Goniothalamus grandiflorus (Warb.) Boerl". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  2. Warburg, O (1891). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der papuanischen Flora". Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (in German and Latin). 13: 230–455.
  3. Boerlage, J.G. (1899). "Notes sur Les Anonacées du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg". Icones Bogorienses (in French). 1. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
  4. Walker, James W. (1971). "Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. 202: 1–130. JSTOR 41764703.
  5. Khan, M.R.; Komine, K.; Omoloso, A.D. (2008). "Antimicrobial Activity of Goniothalamus Grandiflorous". Pharmaceutical Biology. 37 (5): 340–342. doi:10.1076/phbi.37.5.340.6049. ISSN 1388-0209.
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