Giovanni Ceva

Giovanni Ceva (December 7, 1647 – June 15, 1734) was an Italian mathematician widely known for proving Ceva's theorem in elementary geometry. His brother, Tommaso Ceva was also a well-known poet and mathematician.

For other uses, see Ceva (disambiguation).
Giovanni Ceva
Born(1647-12-07)7 December 1647
Italy
DiedItaly
15 June 1734(1734-06-15) (aged 86)
NationalityItalian
CitizenshipItaly
Alma mater
Known forCeva's theorem in elementary geometry
Scientific career
FieldsGeometry
Institutions

Life

Ceva received his education at a Jesuit college in Milan. Later in his life, he studied at the University of Pisa, where he subsequently became a professor. In 1686, however, he was designated as the Professor of Mathematics at the University of Mantua and worked there for the rest of his life.

Work
De lineis rectis se invicem secantibus statica constructio, 1678

Ceva studied geometry for most of his long life. In 1678, he published a now famous theorem on synthetic geometry in a triangle called Ceva's Theorem. The theorem, already known to Yusuf Al-Mu'taman ibn Hűd in 11th century, states that if three line segments are drawn from the vertices of a triangle to the opposite sides, then the three line segments are concurrent if, and only if, the product of the ratios of the newly created line segments on each side of the triangle is equal to one. He published this theorem in De lineis rectis.

Ceva also rediscovered and published Menelaus's theorem. He published Opuscula mathematica in 1682 and Geometria Motus in 1692, as well. In Geometria Motus, he anticipated the infinitesimal calculus. Finally, Ceva wrote De Re Nummeraria in 1711, which was one of the first books in mathematical economics.

Giovanni Ceva also studied applications of mechanics and statics to geometric systems. At one point, however, he incorrectly resolved that the periods of oscillation of two pendulums were in the same ratio as their lengths, but he later realized and corrected the error. Ceva also worked on hydraulics. In 1728, he published Opus hydrostaticum which discusses his work in hydraulics. In fact, he used his knowledge of hydraulics to stop a project from diverting the river Reno into the river Po.

List of works
  • De lineis rectis se invicem secantibus statica constructio (in Latin). Mediolani: ex typographia Ludouici Montiae. 1678.
  • Opuscula mathematica (in Latin). Mediolani: ex typographia Ludouici Montiae. 1682.
  • Geometria Motus, 1692
  • Ragioni del signor Giovanni Ceva commissario dell'arciducal Camera di Mantova, e del signor Doriciglio Moscatelli Battaglia prefetto dell'acque di quello stato contra l'introduzione del Reno nel Pò grande con la risposta alle medesime di Eustachio Manfredi matematico dell'Università di Bologna. Che contiene una piena informazione sopra i capi principali di questa materia. In Bologna: per li successori del Benacci. 1716.
  • Replica di Giovanni Ceva, commissario dell'arciducal camera di Mantova, e matematico di s.m. ces., e cat. in difesa delle sue dimostrazioni, e ragioni per la quali non debbasi introdurre Reno in Po, contro la risposta datasi dal sig. dottor Eustachio Manfredi. In Mantova: per Alberto Pazzoni stampatore arciducale. 1717.
  • Opus hydrostaticum (in Latin). Mantuae: Alberto Pazzoni. 1728.
  • Ragioni [...] contra l'introduzione del Reno nel Pò, 1716
  • Replica [...] in difesa delle sue dimostrazioni, e ragioni per la quali non debbasi introdurre Reno in Po, 1717
gollark: I managed to work a 3D printer from CC via one.
gollark: Actually... CC seems to be able to interact with OC stuff via a relay.
gollark: Now, CC has its problems, but it's nice to be able to stick down a computer without spending ages crafting components.
gollark: Which uses a different, fully sandboxed VM so you can even use `debug`.
gollark: It is on CC: Tweaked, a fork which works lots better.

See also

References
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