George Klippert
Everett George Klippert (September 6, 1926 - August 7, 1996) was the last person in Canada to be arrested, charged, prosecuted, convicted, and imprisoned for gross indecency before the decriminalization of homosexual acts in 1969; the reform was a direct result of the Klippert case.[1]
George Klippert | |
|---|---|
| Born | Everett George Klippert 1926 Kindersley, Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Died | 1996 (aged 69–70) |
| Criminal charge | Gross indecency |
| Penalty | Preventive detention |
Klippert, originally from Kindersley, Saskatchewan, was raised in Calgary, Alberta. In 1960 he was convicted on eighteen charges of gross indecency and sentenced to four years' imprisonment. Upon his release, he moved to northern Canada. He was working as a mechanic in Pine Point, Northwest Territories, in 1965 when he was picked up by police for questioning in connection with a case of suspected arson. Although he was found not to have had any involvement in the fire, Klippert voluntarily admitted to having had recent consensual homosexual relations with four different adult men. He was subsequently arrested and charged with four counts of "gross indecency".
A court-ordered psychiatrist assessed Klippert as "incurably homosexual", and Klippert was sentenced to "preventive detention" (that is, indefinitely) as a dangerous sexual offender. Klippert appealed to the Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories; his appeal was dismissed. He then appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada; his appeal was dismissed on November 7, 1967, in a controversial 3–2 decision.[2]
The day after Klippert's conviction was upheld, New Democratic Party leader Tommy Douglas invoked Klippert's name in the House of Commons of Canada, stating that "homosexuality is a social and psychiatric problem rather than a criminal one", and asking Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson if he would consider setting up a commission to study the issue, similar to the Wolfenden Committee in Britain which brought in "enlightened and humane recommendations for coping with this problem."[3] The Prime Minister replied that he would be very glad to consider that matter. Douglas followed up with a second question, asking the Minister of Justice, Pierre Trudeau, if this matter was being considered by officials in the Department of Justice. Trudeau replied that "one aspect of this matter is being looked at in the context of another law."[4] Within six weeks, Pierre Trudeau presented the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968-69 (Bill C-150 of 1968), an omnibus bill which, among other things, decriminalized homosexual acts between consenting adults. The law passed, and homosexual acts between consenting adults were decriminalized in Canada in 1969.
Klippert remained in prison until his release on July 21, 1971. He lived 25 more years before his death from kidney disease in 1996.
In 2016 the government of Justin Trudeau indicated that it plans to recommend a formal posthumous pardon of Klippert's conviction.[5] As of April 2020, neither pardon nor expungement has occurred.
Bibliography
- Pierre Berton: 1967: The Last Good Year: Toronto: Doubleday Canada: 1997: ISBN 978-0-385-25662-9
- Gary Kinsman: Regulation of Desire: Sexuality in Canada: Montreal: New York: 1987, 1995: ISBN 978-0-920057-81-0, 155164 0406
See also
- Gay rights in Canada
References
-
- Donald W. McLeod: Lesbian and gay liberation in Canada: a selected annotated chronology, 1964-1975: Toronto: ECW Press/Homewood Books, 1996: ISBN 1-55022-273-2.
- Klippert v The Queen, [1967] SCR 822.
- Canada. House of Commons Debates (Hansard), 27th Parliament, 2nd Session : Vol. 4, p. 4036 (November 8, 1967).
- Canada. House of Commons Debates (Hansard), 27th Parliament, 2nd Session : Vol. 4, p. 4037 (November 8, 1967).
- "Trudeau to urge pardon for man deemed a dangerous sex offender for being gay in 1960s". The Globe and Mail, February 27, 2016.