Garðar Cathedral Ruins

Garðar Cathedral (Danish: Garðar Domkirke) known formally as the Cathedral of Saint Nicholas was a Roman Catholic cathedral church located in Garðar, situated in Igaliku, Greenland. The cathedral was reduced to ruins and nowadays only its foundation can be seen.[1][2]

Ruins of the Bishop's Palace
Garðar Cathedral
The Cathedral of Saint Nicholas
Garðar Domkirke
60°59′14″N 45°25′23″W
LocationIgaliku
CountryGreenland
DenominationRoman Catholic
History
StatusRuins
Founded1126
Founder(s)Bishop Arnaldr
DedicationSaint Nicholas
Architecture
Groundbreaking12th Century
Specifications
Length88 ft (27 m)
Width52 ft (16 m)
Nave width44 ft (13 m)
MaterialsRed sandstone
Administration
DioceseGarðar

History

The cathedral was founded by Greenland's first bishop Arnaldur in 1126, built of red sandstone quarried from a neighbouring hillside, in a cruciform, the only known church to be built this way in Greenland.[3] The cathedral was dedicated to the patron saint of sailors, Saint Nicholas. Changes to the cathedral structure may have taken place during Bishop Jón Árnason's, or Jón Smyrill as he is also known, reign between 1188 and 1209. A bell tower was also built with the cathedral and windows of opaque, greenish glass.[4] The cathedral chancel was quite narrow. There were also two chapels, one to the north and one to the south of the church, with the smaller chapel being used as a sacristy which included a path that led to the Bishop's residence.[5] A farm and a palace for the bishop were also built, with the farm big enough to hold around 100 cows.

The cathedral wealth expanded during the 13th and 14th centuries, with bishops imposing taxes on the locals. Moreover, no one was able to fish or hunt near the lands of the cathedral without the bishop's consent. Revenues were also collected from local hot springs which were believed to have medicinal value. Nonetheless, by the late 14th century, Greenland began its years of decline. With the death of Bishop Álfur in 1378, no new bishop ever went to Greenland even though they were still appointed until the reformation.[6]

The crosier and ring found with the remains of one of the Bishops of Garðar

Excavations

It was only in 1926 that excavations discovered the foundations of the cathedral and the surrounding Norse buildings. Excavations were carried out by Danish archeologist Poul Nørlund. On the site, a number of walrus skulls and narwhal were discovered, suggesting that the area near the cathedral included a pagan temple. Amongst the most famous excavations include a number of graves, notably a grave of a bishop which was buried in the north chapel of the cathedral. The skeleton discovered was that of a powerfully built middle-aged man. In his hands, a Crosier made of ashwood and decorated with walrus ivory was discovered and a gold ring on the finger.[7] It is believed that the body belongs to one of Greenland's most famous bishops, Jón Árnason's, or Smyrill who died in 1209, as well as any other of the Norse bishops from the thirteenth-century. A bell was also excavated which may have been part of the cathedral tower.

gollark: We had one, but it was postponed due to you slightly reducing badness below the threshold.
gollark: 5, technically.
gollark: Unless you mean Esolangs 3 or heavserver.
gollark: Wasn't me.
gollark: I split it up to do as much as possible in parallel and then stuck a simple dependency resolution thing on.

References
  1. "St Nicholas Cathedral", St Nicholas Center. Retrieved on 19 August 2017.
  2. "Domkirke Sankt Nikolai", Gcatholic. Retrieved on 19 August 2017.
  3. Larson, Laurence M. "The Church in North America (Greenland) in the Middle Ages", The Catholic Historical Review, 1919. Retrieved on 19 August 2017.
  4. Seaver, Kirsten A. (2014). The Last Vikings: The Epic Story of the Great Norse Voyagers, pp. 83-84. I.B.Tauris, London & New York. ISBN 1784530573.
  5. Marcus, G. J. (2007). The Conquest of the North Atlantic, pp. 68-69. Boydell & Brewer Ltd, Woodbridge. ISBN 1843833166.
  6. "Greenland", Metal Traveller. Retrieved on 19 August 2017.
  7. Seaver, Kirsten A. (1996). The Frozen Echo: Greenland and the Exploration of North America, Ca. A.D. 1000-1500, p. 65. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. ISBN 0804731616
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.