Fritz Frauenheim

Fritz Frauenheim (9 January 1912 – 28 September 1969) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War. From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1940, he sank 19 ships for a total of 78,853 gross register tons (GRT), and damaged two others. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), among other commendations. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership.

Fritz Frauenheim
Born	(1912-03-09)9 March 1912 Berlin-Friedenau
Died	28 September 1969(1969-09-28) (aged 57) Hamburg
Allegiance	Weimar Republic (to 1933)  Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Reichsmarine  Kriegsmarine
Years of service	1930–45
Rank	Fregattenkapitän
Unit	2nd U-boat Flotilla 1st U-boat Flotilla 7th U-boat Flotilla 23rd U-boat Flotilla 29th U-boat Flotilla
Commands held	U-21, 1 October 1937 - 6 January 1940 U-101, 11 March 1940 - 18 November 1940
Awards	Spanish Cross Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Other work	Oil industry

Early life

Frauenheim was born in Berlin-Friedenau on 9 March 1912. He entered the navy and spent his initial training on the cadet ship Schleswig-Holstein, followed by a period on the light cruiser Karlsruhe. He was transferred to the U-boat force in January 1936 and rose quickly through the ranks and on 1 April 1939 he was promoted to Kapitänleutnant.[1] He appears to have spent time with the German forces supporting the Spanish Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War, as he was awarded the Spanish Cross on 6 June 1939.[1]

Wartime career

Frauenheim had been made watch officer on U-25 in 1938, eventually spending over a year in this role, until October 1939.[1] He was appointed to command U-21 on 1 October 1937, eventually carrying out five patrols, eventually sinking four merchant ships. He also laid mines, one of which damaged HMS Belfast on 21 November, putting her out of action for nearly three years.[1] The Net-class boom defence vessel Bayonet was sunk by one of U-21’s mines on 21 December.[1]

Frauenheim left U-21 on 6 January 1940, taking over command of the newly built U-101 on 11 March 1940. He commissioned the boat and took her on four successful patrols. He sank a total of 12 ships, including three sunk and one damaged from convoy SC 7.[1] He left U-101 on 18 November 1940 and became a teacher in the 2nd ULD. He went on to hold a number of staff positions, before taking command of 23rd U-boat Flotilla in the Mediterranean in September 1941. In 1942 he moved to command 29th U-boat Flotilla. On 1 March 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän.[1] In February 1944 Frauenheim joined the staff of the Admiral der Kleinkampfverbände (Admiral of Small Battle Units), where he remained for the rest of the war. He was again promoted, this time to Fregattenkapitän on 1 December 1944.[1]

Post war

After the end of the war Frauenheim spent eight months in Allied captivity before being released.[1] Frauenheim for almost 20 years until his death worked at the Mobil Oil AG in the Federal Republic of Germany. His last position was a member of the board and head of the department of Marine Transportation and Pipelines.[2] He died in Hamburg on 28 September 1969, aged 57.

Summary of career

Ships attacked

As commander of U-21 and U-101 Fritz Frauenheim is credited with the sinking of 18 ships for a total of 78,248 gross register tons (GRT), further damaging one ship of 4,166 GRT, sinking one auxiliary warship of 605 GRT, and damaging one warship of 11,500 long tons (11,700 tonnes).

Date	U-boat	Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate[3]
21 November 1939	U-21	HMS Belfast	Royal Navy	11,500	Damaged (mine)
1 December 1939	U-21	Mercator	Finland	4,620	Sunk
21 December 1939	U-21	Carl Henckel	Sweden	1,352	Sunk
21 December 1939	U-21	HMS Bayonet	Royal Navy	605	Sunk (mine)
21 December 1939	U-21	Mars	Sweden	1,475	Sunk
31 January 1940	U-21	Vidar	Denmark	1,353	Sunk
24 February 1940	U-21	Royal Archer	United Kingdom	2,266	Sunk (mine)
26 May 1940	U-101	Stanhall	United Kingdom	4,831	Sunk
31 May 1940	U-101	Orangemoor	United Kingdom	5,775	Sunk
2 June 1940	U-101	Polycarp	United Kingdom	3,577	Sunk
11 June 1940	U-101	Mount Hymettus	Greece	5,820	Sunk
12 June 1940	U-101	Earlspark	United Kingdom	5,250	Sunk
14 June 1940	U-101	Antonis Georgandis	Greece	3,557	Sunk
16 June 1940	U-101	Wellington Star	United Kingdom	13,212	Sunk
19 August 1940	U-101	Ampleforth	United Kingdom	4,576	Sunk
28 August 1940	U-101	Elle	Finland	3,868	Sunk
1 September 1940	U-101	Efploia	Greece	3,867	Sunk
12 October 1940	U-101	Saint-Malo	Canada	5,799	Sunk
18 October 1940	U-101	Blairspey	United Kingdom	4,155	Damaged
18 October 1940	U-101	Creekirk	United Kingdom	3,917	Sunk
19 October 1940	U-101	Assyrian	United Kingdom	2,962	Sunk
19 October 1940	U-101	Soesterberg	Netherlands	1,904	Sunk

Awards

• Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (2 October 1936)[4]
• Spanish Cross in Bronze (6 June 1939)[4]
• Iron Cross (1939)
  • 2nd Class (2 October 1939)[5]
  • 1st Class (7 November 1939)[5]
• Sudetenland Medal (20 December 1938)[5]
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 August 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-101[6]
• Knight's Cross of the Order of the Roman Eagle with Swords (18 June 1943)[5]
• German Cross in Gold on 23 November 1944 as Korvettenkapitän with the Admiral of the Kleinkampfverbände[7]

Promotions

10 October 1930:	Seekadett (Midshipman)[8]
1 January 1932:	Fähnrich zur See (Officer Cadet)[8]
1 April 1934:	Oberfähnrich zur See (Senior Ensign)[8]
1 October 1934:	Leutnant zur See (Second Lieutenant)[8]
1 June 1936:	Oberleutnant zur See (First Lieutenant)[8]
1 April 1939:	Kapitänleutnant (Captain Lieutenant)[8]
1 March 1943:	Korvettenkapitän (Corvette Captain), effective as of 1 March 1943 with rank age dated 1 April 1943[9]
1 December 1944:	Fregattenkapitän (Frigate Captain)[9]

References

Citations

1. Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Fritz Frauenheim". The Men – U-boat Commanders – Top U-boat Aces. Guðmundur Helgason.
2. Erdöl & Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie. 22. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mineralölwissenschaft und Kohlechemie (Hrsg.), Industrieverlag von Hernhaussen. 1969. p. 650.
3. Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Ships hit by U-21". WW II U-boat - uboat.net.
4. Busch & Röll 2003, p. 58.
5. Busch & Röll 2003, p. 59.
6. Scherzer 2007, p. 317.
7. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 121.
8. Busch & Röll 2003, p. 58.
9. Busch & Röll 2003, p. 59.

Bibliography

• Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
• Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Helgason, Guðmundur. "Fritz Frauenheim". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
• Frauenheim's life and career (in German)

Military offices
Preceded by Kapitänleutnant Werner Jacobsen	Commander of the 4th U-boat Flotilla July 1942	Succeeded by Fregattenkapitän Heinz Fischer
Preceded by Korvettenkapitän Franz Becker	Commander of the 29th U-boat Flotilla May 1942 – July 1943	Succeeded by Korvettenkapitän Gunter Jahn