Fravia

Francesco Vianello (30 August 1952 – 3 May 2009), better known by his nickname Fravia (sometimes +Fravia or Fravia+), was a software reverse engineer,[1][2][3] and hacker,[4] who maintained a web archive of reverse engineering techniques and papers.[5][6] He also worked on steganography.[7] He taught on subjects such as data mining, anonymity and stalking.[8]

+Fravia
Fravia
Born(1952-08-30)30 August 1952
Died3 May 2009(2009-05-03) (aged 56)
Brussels, Belgium
Known forKnowledge searching
software reversing, steganography

Vianello spoke six languages (including Latin) and had a degree in the history of the early Middle Ages. He was an expert in linguistics-related informatics.[8] For five years he made available a large quantity of material related to reverse engineering through his website, which also hosted the advice of reverse engineering experts, known as reversers, who provided tutorials and essays on how to hack software code as well as advice related to the assembly and disassembly of applications,[9][10] and software protection reversing.[3]

Vianello's web presence dates from 1995 when he first got involved in research related to reverse code engineering (RCE). In 2000 he changed his focus and concentrated on advanced internet search methods and the reverse engineering of search engine code.[9][11]

His websites "www.fravia.com" and "www.searchlores.org" contained a large amount of specialised information related to data mining.[11] His website "www.searchlores.org" has been called a "very useful instrument for searching the web",[12] and his "www.fravia.com" site has been described as "required reading for any spy wanting to go beyond simple Google searches."[9]

Fravia as Francesco Vianello

In the 1980s, he was a member of the Esteban Canal chess club in Venice, before moving to CES in Brussels.[13]

Graduated in history at the University of Venice in 1994, Vianello had a master's degree in history and philosophy in 1999.[14] He was interested in studying the arts and humanities and was aiming to build a collective knowledge on the particular subject of learning and Web-searching as an art.[15]

He spoke six languages (including Latin).[8] Fravia participated as a speaker in the 22nd Chaos Communication Congress. His lecture was on the subject of Hacking.[16]

Fravia as Fravia

Vianello was focusing on privacy and created the myth of Fjalar Ravia[9][17] (aka fravia+, msre, Spini, Red Avenger, ~S~ Sustrugiel, Pellet, Ravia F.[18]) as protection from hostile seekers.

At least two distinct phases of his internet public work can be identified.

  • The first, from 1995 (starting date of his internet presence) to 1999 was related to software reversing, software protection, decompiling, disassembling, and deep software code deconstruction.[16] At those times the WDasm disassembler by Eric Grass, which also included a debugger, was a popular download.[19]
  • The second, starting in 2000, where the first stage left off, was focused on an (apparently) entirely different field: Internet Knowledge search.[16] In February 2001, Vianello made a conference at the École Polytechnique in Paris about "The art of information searching on today's Internet".[20] He also presented his work "Wizard searching: reversing the commercial Web for fun and knowledge" at REcon 2005.[21]

First Period: Reverse Engineering ("Reality Cracking")

In the first period Vianello focused on reverse-engineering software protection, content copyright, and software patents. The steps for cracking software protection were in many cases published on his website, in the form of essays and Old Red Cracker's lessons.

Vianello asked the community to remove from the web every copy of his old site (www.fravia.org), corresponding to this period,[22] because "The idea was to convert young crackers [...] The experiment worked only in part, hence the decision a couple of years ago to freeze that site".[23] Nevertheless, some mirrors still exist. The site has been described as containing "useful tools and products".[24]

According to the 2001 ACM Multimedia Workshops of the Association for Computing Machinery, Vianello's website contained information which could assist hackers of a certain classification who were not skilled enough "to mount a new or novel attack".[25] His website also analysed brute force attacks on steganography.[26]

This period included papers related to reality-cracking,[27] i.e. the capacity of the seeker to decode the hidden facts behind appearance.

Reverse engineering a legitimately bought program and studying or modifying its code for knowledge was claimed as legal by Vianello at least in the European Union under some restricted conditions.[28]

Second Period: Web Searching ("Search Lores")

The transition between the two phases occurred after realizing the growing importance of Internet search engines as tools to access information. According to his vision, access to information should not be restricted, and he was advocating for a true openness of web information contents. He strongly criticized the large amount of advertising on the Internet, which he considered as promoting unnecessary products to a population of naive consumers.

Richard Stallman, in his web article "Ubuntu Spyware: What to do?", mentions that it was Vianello who alerted him to the fact that performing a file search on a computer running Microsoft Windows would cause it would send a network packet to an Internet server, which was then detected by the firewall in Vianello's computer.[29]

In the second stage of his work, Vianello explained how the content is currently structured on the world wide web and the difficulties of finding relevant information through search engines because of the growing number of ads,[30][31] that search engines promote today.

In 2005, Vianello was the keynote speaker at the T2 infosec conference. The subject of his speech was: "The Web - Bottomless Cornucopia and Immense Garbage Dump".[11]

+HCU

Vianello was a member of the so-called High Cracking University (+HCU), founded by Old Red Cracker to advance research into Reverse Code Engineering (RCE). The addition of the "+" sign in front of the nickname of a reverser signified membership in the +HCU.[6]

+HCU published a new reverse engineering problem annually and a small number of respondents with the best replies qualified for an undergraduate position at the "university". Vianello's website was known as "+Fravia's Pages of Reverse Engineering" and he used it to challenge programmers as well as the wider society to "reverse engineer" the "brainwashing of a corrupt and rampant materialism". In its heyday, his website received millions of visitors per year and its influence was described as "widespread".[6]

Nowadays most of the graduates of +HCU have migrated to Linux and few have remained as Windows reversers. The information at the university has been rediscovered by a new generation of researchers and practitioners of RCE who have started new research projects in the field.[6]

Legacy

Vianello has been described as an inspiration for many hackers and reversers, a friend of the founder of the CCC Wau Holland, and a motivation for Jon Lech Johansen to understand the inner workings of computer programs.[32] Johansen commented in a blog post that Fravia's site was a goldmine during his education as a reverse engineer.[33] In his later years, he moved from software reversing to free software and searching the web further. His website has been described as the meeting point of the people who wanted to search the web deeper still.[32]

In September 2008, Vianello stopped updating his site and holding conferences, after being diagnosed with and receiving treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil, which metastasized.[34] His site was frozen for several months but was updated again on 9 March 2009 while he was slowly recovering and focusing on GNU/Linux.[35] He died suddenly on Sunday, 3 May 2009 at the age of 56.[36]

Published works
  • Francesco Vianello, Gli Unruochingi e la famiglia di Beggo conte di Parigi. (ricerche sull'alta aristocrazia carolingia) // Bollettino dell'Istituto storico italiano per il Medioevo 91 (1984).
  • Francesco Vianello, Università di Padova, I mercanti di Chiavenna in età moderna visti dalla Terraferma veneta.
  • Francesco Vianello, "a poem he had written for the New Year 2007, in memoriam published in December 2009 in the E.C. Periodical Interalia" (PDF). (4.27 MB)
  • Fravia (ed.) Annotation and exegesis of Origo Gentis Langobardorum.[37]

Notes and references
  1. Debora Jean Halbert (1 January 1999). Intellectual Property in the Information Age: The Politics of Expanding Ownership Rights. Quorum. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-56720-254-0. See: "Fravia's page of reverse engineering," http://fravia.org/.
  2. Peter Gutmann (2004). Cryptographic Security Architecture: Design and Verification. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 301. ISBN 978-0-387-95387-8.
  3. Feri Sulianta. Software Cracking. Elex Media Komputindo. p. 4. ISBN 978-979-27-8982-9.
  4. Immanuel Kant (2011). Sette scritti politici liberi. Firenze University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-88-6453-298-1.
  5. Jayson E Street; Kent Nabors; Brian Baskin; Marcus J. Carey (6 August 2010). Dissecting the Hack: The F0rb1dd3n Network, Revised Edition: The F0rb1dd3n Network. Syngress. p. 152. ISBN 978-1-59749-569-1.
  6. Cyrus Peikari; Anton Chuvakin (12 January 2004). Security Warrior. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p. 31. ISBN 978-0-596-55239-8.
  7. Andreas Pfitzmann (23 February 2000). Information Hiding: Third International Workshop, IH'99, Dresden, Germany, September 29 - October 1, 1999 Proceedings. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 75. ISBN 978-3-540-67182-4.
  8. "Fravia". 22nd Chaos Communication Congress Private Investigations.
  9. Joel McNamara (20 June 2003). Secrets of computer espionage: tactics and countermeasures. Wiley. p. 330. ISBN 978-0-7645-3710-3. For five years, a European known as Fravia ran a Web site that provided a remarkable amount of information on reverse-engineering. The site contained tutorials and essays by a number of skilled "reversers" on disassembling applications and then modifying them. [...] Since 2000, Fjalar Ravia has turned his energies to mastering the nuances of locating information on the Internet. His www.fravia.com site is required reading for any spy wanting to go beyond simple Google searches. Mirrors of the original ...
  10. Robert Slade (1 January 2004). Software Forensics: Collecting Evidence from the Scene of a Digital Crime. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-142804-0.
  11. "Schedule for 2005". T2 infosec conference.
  12. Francesca Di Donato (2009). La scienza e la rete. L'uso pubblico della ragione nell'età del web. Firenze University Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-88-8453-494-1. Il testo è un utilissimo strumento per la ricerca sul Web (assieme al sito Searchlores di Fravia <http://www.searchlores.org/>), ed è in buona parte complementare a questo libro.
  13. Tommaso Dorigo (2009) "Farewell, Chicco!" on Scientific Blogging
  14. "Politecnico di Torino, Francesco Vianello's Curriculum Vitae in italian" (PDF). (61.8 KB)
  15. Fravia (2006) "Websearching, the sublime art"
  16. "Speakers: Fravia". 22nd Chaos Communication Congress Private Investigations.
  17. Fravia (2005) "Fjalar Ravia", fictional biography on Searchlores.org
  18. Dasgupta, Subhasish (31 October 2005). Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p. 123. ISBN 978-1-59140-797-3.
  19. Kris Kaspersky (2007). Hacker Disassembling Uncovered, 2nd ed. БХВ-Петербург. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-931769-64-8.
  20. Fravia (2001) Six parts workshop on "The art of information searching on today's Internet" (through Internet Archive)
  21. Jayson E. Street; Kent Nabors; Brian Baskin (2011). Forbidden Network: Anatomie eines Hacks. MITP-Verlags GmbH & Co. KG. p. 218. ISBN 978-3-8266-9065-5.
  22. Fravia (1999) ""Please help me to close the mirrors"". Archived from the original on 16 August 2000. Retrieved 10 May 2010.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  23. Fravia, "Searching problems, web problems: Ethical problems" Archived 15 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  24. Eric Cole (2002). Hackers Beware. Sams Publishing. p. 746. ISBN 978-0-7357-1009-2.
  25. Multimedia and Security: New Challenges : ACM Multimedia 2001 Workshops : Ottawa, Canada, October 5, 2001. Association for Computing Machinery. 1 January 2001. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-58113-393-6. While these attackers are very intelligent, they lack the inside knowledge of TRS to mount a new or novel attack. Unless there is a known weakness to exploit they are usually not a threat. The web site Fravia [4] would be a worthwhile source of information for an attacker of this classification.
  26. Andreas Pfitzmann (23 February 2000). Information Hiding: Third International Workshop, IH'99, Dresden, Germany, September 29 - October 1, 1999 Proceedings. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 63. ISBN 978-3-540-67182-4.
  27. Fravia, et al. (2009) "Reality cracking, an introduction"
  28. Fravia (1998)"Is reverse engineering legal? Why we crack"
  29. Stallman, Richard (2012). "Ubuntu Spyware: What to do?". Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  30. Fravia, "Searching problems, web problems" Archived 15 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  31. Fravia (2001) "How to search the Web volume, diameter and structure"
  32. Chaos Computer Club Events Blog.
  33. Jon Lech Johansen (2006) "Reverse Engineering", on his blog (retrieved on 2009-05-05)
  34. Fravia (2008) Illness (through Internet Archive)
  35. Fravia (2009) Illness, update (through Internet Archive)
  36. "Fravia+ R.I.P." searchlores. 2009. Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2014.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  37. Fravia (ed.), Origo Gentis Langobardorum (Waitz edition) through Internet Archive, archived from the original on 18 April 2012, retrieved 16 November 2016
gollark: Despite all the people saying they obviously didn't need them.
gollark: It is getting actual generics, after however many years, some time this year probably.
gollark: I wonder how long it'll be before someone makes Unicode Turing-complete.
gollark: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust/comments/5penft/parallelizing_enjarify_in_go_and_rust/dcsgk7n/I think this just wonderfully encapsulates Go.
gollark: Oh, it also has that weird conditional compile thing depending on `_linux.go` suffixes or `_test.go` ones I think?
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